Arabic Grammar Lesson 11 Mawsuf and Sifah Adjectives

asalam alaykum everyone welcome back to Arabic in this lesson you will learn about adjectives in Arabic and at the end there's challenge question so stay tuned now before we start today's lesson want to take look at these three words in English here we have Pious man now this first word Pious in red is describing this word man in English grammar this word Pious is the description or what is known in grammar as the adjective and man is being described man is the subject of our adjective now it's the same thing in Arabic except you just flip it instead of saying Pi is first we say the man first so in in Arabic here we have and means Pious and which we've done many times is man and as you can see in English pi comes first and then man comes second whereas in Arabic since we're reading the other way man is coming first and the adjective is actually coming later okay so in English it comes the adjective comes first in Arabic it comes second this first term or this first word the described word is known as okay basically literally it means describe and the second word our adjective is known as siif and and in in some books also use was and so I'll put that out there so that you don't get confused if you see it elsewhere but know that and was are the same thing and they are both the terms for the adjective now let's move on to our rule the must agree with in four things the first of those four is gender here we have Pious woman now as you'll notice I've changed Sol okay over here if you look at the difference here it says and here it says and so all did was extended this and put there move thean over and put on the why did do that because the word that we're describing is feminine woman okay this tells us that this word is feminine hence the adjective also has to be feminine so we say and we don't say secondly we have number okay so if the described word or the subject of our adjective is singular then our adjective is also going to have to be singular if it's it's dual then it's also going to have to be dual and if it's plural it's also going to have to be plural and we haven't done numbers yet but just so you know in Arabic we along with singular and plural we also have something called dual and to make word duel is very easy all we do is add Al if the AL if is right here and noon okay and you'll see the elepant noon here as well why because this word Rani just means two men okay you'll see and then we added the to make it dual because this word is dual and we want to describe it using the adjective Pious or we also have to add an and make the adjective dual as well and so similarly added and then added the and with okay so it becomes two Pious men the third thing that the must agree with the in is the case ending so here we have Hamid is Pious man so Hamid here is our it's our subject okay and is our okay he's our predicate now because has two it has is also going to have two okay because we're using Pious to describe the man now if was to have two then would also have two if we were to give two then would also have two and if we were to give it one it would also have one or and then the fourth thing that the must agree with the in is definiteness what mean by that is the application of for example we have the pious man how did it become the well if you've been watching the videos you'll know that it became the because of the AL Lam and so because has Alam is also going to get Al and if we remove the AL Lam from here we have to remove the Alam from here as well and so those are the four things they must agree in now some of you may say well there is very close similarity to is actually different why well for example we have now if you'll notice that this first word is definite and the second word is indefinite it's definite because it has Al and this is indefinite as it has no Alam and so it has tan and so because of that because there is difference and because this this word although it may look like an adjective does not follow this word in everything in all four of those things because it's not definite as well what we know is that this is so the translation or the way we understand it is the man is pious and so it's complete sentence whereas here is only Pious man okay it's not complete sentence whereas can put period here and can end the sentence and you'll have the subject and you'll have the predicate here you won't have anything all you have is the adjective and what it describes and they both agree in all four of those things in gender number case ending as well as definiteness and because of that we know that they are and not now have challenge question for you all the purpose of this question is to practice what we've learned in the past few lessons and put them all together is something we learned in lesson number seven so you can go back to that and check it out to review if you need to now in this question all you have to do is use these labels for all three of these words so here we have IB we have man and we have pi let me add the the for you okay based on this want you to tell me which term applies to which of these words okay so number one is for IB number two is for three is for and four is actually for both of these words okay so which term and I've given you four terms to choose from to make it easy for you which of these terms apply to which one so which one of these is which one of them is which one is and which one is also think here it'll be better if you translate it as son okay so boy or son both work but you probably want to use son instead make sure you post your answers on.tv on lesson 11 thank you all for watching asalamu alaykum peace be with you all