شاهد كيف يدمر الملح خلايا الدم تحت المجهر

Hi, hello, and welcome. My crowbar hunter here, and all of those are fast-moving dots that you see. These are red blood cells. Red blood cells that got from my finger because took little sample from my blood and to put it under the microscope to show it to you. Well, in this video, do not only want to show you different microscopic techniques to observe these red blood cells, but also would like to add little bit of salt water and also distilled water to the blood, and then the shape of these red blood cells changes because of osmosis, and there are couple of very interesting observations that we can make this way. Well, sometimes the red blood cells under the microscope, they start to stack up on top of each other just like you can see over here. This is called rouleau formation. It's almost like stack of coins, and this is natural process that happens when blood starts to coagulate. Well, call this self-sacrificed self-sacrifice for the sake of science. Here we go. got myself some lancets. These are sterile little things needles that you can buy, and essentially they are used to take blood samples to test for blood glucose level. of course used them to get little drop of blood on the microscope slide here. There is little bit of psychology here also involved. It's kind of scary little bit to try to prick yourself, but with little bit of practice, was able to overcome myself. The hole was very small, and and needed quite bit of pressure to press out some of the blood, and the wound was so small that it immediately started to heal off again. But still, of course, first disinfected my finger with little bit of alcohol. do not want to get an infection. Well, quickly put small drop of blood on the microscope slide. say quickly because did not want to want it to dry up, and then use used relatively large cover glasses, and placed them on top here, and due to capillary action, the film the blood film spread all across the slide, and this created thin layer of red blood cells, which you are able to see here. And in the center, you are also able to see that some of those red blood cells already start to stick together because this blood already starts to coagulate little bit. Now, depending little bit on the thickness of the blood layer, some of the red blood cells actually start to move little bit, and also as the blood starts to dry up, this also sometimes causes little bit of motion and movement, which kind of yeah, is almost similar to when the blood is actually flowing. After few minutes, could actually see that some of the red blood cells started to become little bit irregular. These are called echinocytes. These are essentially red blood cells that start to deform because they start to lose water. And this is very nice picture here as well, where you can see that there are some of the red blood cells streaming across the slide, and on the side, this is where the blood already started to coagulate and to stick to the glass slide. It almost looks little bit like blood passing through blood vessel. This here is in phase contrast, and this actually think it looks also quite beautiful. Phase contrast microscopy also is used to increase the contrast of very weakly stained specimens, and you see that over here. The blood cells look again little bit different. They almost look little bit like they have bright ring around them. And here also some of the red blood cells flowing around air bubbles. These are the oval round structures. Now, many of you probably do not have phase contrast at home, but it is quite easy actually to also observe them in dark field. You all you need is to add small dark field patch stop, dark field filter to your microscope, and then the red blood cells start to appear bright in the form of bright rings. So, now wanted to actually add little bit of salt water. So, again, little bit of self-sacrifice here. Over time, got little bit more practice. was little bit more self-confident in pricking myself. And then made little bit of concentrated salt water solution, and what this does is is it actually removes the water from the red blood cells, and this actually changes significantly changes the shape of these red blood cells. So, again, small drop of blood on the microscope slide, and you can see that the blood did not spread completely all beneath the cover glass, but there was some area on one side where could add little bit of salt water. Unfortunately, spilled little bit of the salt water also on top of the cover glass, so had to carefully remove that again as well because of course do not want that the salt water contacts my microscope objective. Well, and as the capillary action pulled the salt water in beneath the cover glass, of course, the blood and the salt water started to mix with each other, and then this is when essentially the salt water was able yeah, to do its action. And by osmosis, the blood cells started to lose water, and as the water streamed across, was trying to follow along some of those red blood cells. Off we go. The movement was so quick that was not able to see the change in shape, but then stopped the microscope slide and looked carefully. Well, gone is the nice round shape, and the cells are much smaller right now, and they kind of shriveled up little bit and quite irregular because of course they are wrinkled because the central part of the cell started to shrink, and because the water was all removed. And of course, this means that the cells are not able to transport oxygen anymore, but luckily, of course, think that this is not really very realistic scenario because normally we do not get so much salt into our blood, but normally this is also something that essentially now shows why drinking salt water is not the best thing to do. Yeah, and here again, you see little bit of streaming of the red blood cells. They are irregular right now and very yeah, misshaped little bit. Something did not try did not try to reverse the process. Maybe that's the topic of another video. And here again, there is the streaming now of the red blood cells as the salt water and as the blood starts to mix beneath the cover glass. Now, personally think that the blood is very interesting thing to observe. If you have bright field microscope, of course, you can also observe the blood cells this way. would recommend that you actually close the condenser quite bit because the contrast is not very high. As matter of fact, you will probably have already noticed the color is not red. Blood only appears red when you do not look at it under magnification. If you zoom in lot, then maybe small pinkish tint you are able to see, but generally the red color is not visible anymore. Here again, couple of air bubbles, and interesting to see how the red blood cells move around those air bubbles, which are essentially like obstructions, and it's little bit of fluid dynamics that you can observe here as well. You can see also that some of the red blood cells they start to stick around to this air bubble as well. think quite interesting to see the phenomena magnified. So, and now little bit of distilled water. Here the effect is reversed. simply added some of this distilled water again. put it under the microscope, and now the red blood cells started to swell up and to become spherical and significantly more difficult to see. Now, I'm going to show you right now why think they were difficult to see is because maybe the red blood cells actually started to pop open to spill out the hemoglobin, and then the refractive index inside the cell and outside of the cell are the same the same, and then you do not see it quite well. As matter of fact, using bright field, had almost it was impossible to see the cells using distilled water. Yeah, zoomed in here little bit more. Again, again, very nice and spherical shape, and if you just followed along little bit, you could actually see that all of sudden those the red blood cells, they started to disappear. Well, of course, they are still around, but think they popped open. They spilled the contents out, and then it made it much more difficult to actually see them. And now you can also see little bit the pinkish surrounding here. Again, in phase contrast, the bright circles, these are air bubbles again, and now you can see those so-called ghosts, you call them, those empty red blood cells. They are seen as the dark little structures, but towards the center of the slide where more most of the blood cells are still intact, this is where could still see see the original shape much better. But on the periphery on the side where it contacted the distilled water, many of the cells think popped open and essentially yeah, formed those empty red blood cells called the ghosts. And here large air bubble in the center, and you could can see the small dark structures. think these are all the empty red blood cells. They have blown up yeah, because of the water entering, and then they popped open, and then think they collapsed again, and this is why they look little bit small right now and not spherical anymore. Again, in phase contrast, and also quite quite nice to see. Now, of course, when you look at blood, you always have to be little bit careful and observe hygienics. So, do not do this if you are teacher. Do not do this in school of course because when you have an open wound, then this is of course the possibility for infection, and you know, students sometimes are not very careful. Yeah, here this is again these are again the red blood cells as they are seen normally under the microscope, and you can also see again this nice rouleau formation where the cells are stacking up like those stacks of coins. Well, if you like these type of videos, then would like of course to invite you to subscribe to this channel. would also like to invite you over to my second YouTube channel, which is essentially about microscope hardware where talk lot about yeah, the optics and yeah, other microscopy related issues. do also have newsletter. would like to invite you to subscribe to that. There is the link is all in the description. And of course, big thank you goes to all of my Patreon supporters who are making these videos possible. think for today, this is again enough. Happy microbe hunting. As always, see you around next time and bye-bye.