Structure and Function of the ANIMAL CELL explained Organelles

in Cell Biology one distinguishes between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells one type of eukaryotic cell is the animal cell there are lot of essential compartments within the animal cell which fulfill diverse functions but before we come to that please subscribe to the channel it is for free but helps lot with the monthly subscription you can also become member of this channel now but please use this form of support only if you have enough money to spend the animal cell is surrounded by plasma membrane this structure is phospholipid double layer which is considered selectively permeable certain molecules can pass through and others cannot pass the main function of the plasma membrane is to regulate nutrient and mineral transport inside the plasma membrane lies the cytoplasm the cytoplasm is filled with cytosol this fluid contains nutrients and the structures referred to as organelles among these the nucleus might be one of the most iconic cell compartments the nucleus stores the majority of the genetic information in form of DNA within the nucleus important processes take place replication to duplicate DNA and transcription to generate RNA there is another structure located inside the nucleus the nucleolus one among the functions is the production and assembly of the important ribosomes which will be mentioned again in minute the membrane of the nucleus is connected to membrane of another cell organelle this is the so-called endoplasmic reticulum abbreviated with one distinguishes between the rough that has granular structure because it is partly coated with little ribosomes and there is smooth there are of course also free ribosomes in the cytoplasm at the rough protein synthesis but also protein modification and preparation for their transport take place at the smooth proteins can be modified further in addition lipid synthesis occurs here as well the newly synthesized or modified proteins need to be transported to their point of destination this is one of many functions that is overtaken by the Golgi apparatus here proteins are taken up from the rough the proteins are sorted packaged and sent to their respective location further modifications such as glycosylation take place at the Golgi animal cells also possess lysosomes lysosome is spherical organelle enclosed by membrane inside are digestive enzymes that break down unwanted parts of the cell or foreign molecules low ph is of great importance for the digestion mitochondria are among the most prominent organelles as they are known as the power supply of this cell these organelles provide the energy that is fueled for the cell's biochemical processes ATP the energy currency of the cell is assembled here peroxisomes are organelles that can accumulate and degrade peroxides peroxides can be dangerous to other cell compartments hydrogen peroxide is an unavoidable byproduct of biochemical reactions so peroxisomes kind of diffuse this danger eukaryotic cells also possess cytoskeleton in animal cells the cytoskeleton can be subdivided into three categories microtubules actin filaments and intermediate filaments the cytoskeleton contributes to the cell's shape and to the organization and movement of the organelles inside but the cytoskeleton does also take part in the cell's motility itself special organelle of the animal cell is the centrosome the centrosome can be seen as the production side of microtubules the centrosome supports the structure of the cell and fulfills essential organizational functions during cell division this was brief and simplified overview of typical animal cell if you are curious how typical plant cell is structured you may check out this video here please like the video if it was helpful to you and don't forget to subscribe to the channel bye