Advanced English Grammar Clauses

hello lovely students and welcome back to English with Lucy today we've got grammar lesson we are going back to basics we're going to discuss topic that many Learners of English Miss and then they go through their lives without understanding this one really important thing Clauses in fact many native speakers go through their lives without understanding Clauses not today it ends here in this video I'm going to explain to you what clause is why they're important and how understanding the function of Clauses will help you to improve your English before we get started as always there is free pdf that goes with today's lesson and will say today's is highly important because Clauses are such an overlooked topic the PDF contains lesson notes on every thing we're going to cover today and there are exercises so you can put what you've learned into practice and really get it fixed in your mind if you would like to download this free pdf all you've got to do is click on the link in the 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clause you may have heard this term Clause throw around quite bit but you might not know what it actually means clause is group of words that includes subject and verb and forms sentence or part of sentence Clause must also have meaning on its own it does not need any additional modifiers or information to make sense simple sentence can be made of just one Clause but most sentences have more than one subject and verb is clause for example the dog runs subject verb clause sentence on its own we have two basic types of Clauses in English they have various functions so understanding their roles is extremely important in forming proper sentences let's start with the independent clause this is also called the main Clause an independent clause is group of words that includes subject and verb and can form sentence it does not require the support of other Clauses as it can stand on its own examples Erica reads they play we sit this is bit different from dependent clause also known as subordinate clause which is group of words that is not sentence but adds information to the main part of sentence dependent clause is typically introduced with conjunction words like before because so or if it's formation conjunction subject verb examples before she goes to sleep and we ate but it fell these examples cannot stand on their own as independent sentences thus they are dependent clauses we call them dependent because surprise they depend on the use of an independent clause let's take one of our independent clauses and combine it with dependent clause Erica reads before she goes to sleep Erica reads is independent before she goes to sleep is dependent now that we know the two basic types of Clauses let's look at our dependent clauses bit deeper first type noun clause noun clause is group of words that contains subject and verb but the entire Clause acts as single noun this is often cause for confusion for many Learners of English this is your moment to understand this many noun Clauses start with that how who what where when or why for example she knew how it broke how it broke is noun clause or we saw where they went where they went again is noun clause here's an important tip you will know it's noun clause if you can easily replace the Clause with pronoun an example she knew how it broke take away how it broke replace it with pronoun him she knew him it works so it was noun clause now let's discuss adverb Clauses an adverb clause is dependent clause that acts as shock an adverb in sentence they help to qualify the meanings of verbs adjectives Clauses and other adverbs adverb Clauses help to answer when where why how and by how much adverb Clauses often start with one of the subordinating conjunctions after as though since because Etc these Clauses are quite flexible and can be used at the beginning end or middle of sentence to add more detail here's an example if you pay for the snacks or because she was early let's look at them in sentence if you pay for the snacks I'll get the pizza we can swap them round I'll get the pizza if you pay for the snacks or Paula had to help set up because she was early or because she was early Paula had to help set up now let's talk about adjective clauses an adjective Clause is group of words that acts as an can you guess adjective in sentence they are dependent clauses that give more information about noun or pronoun they typically come directly after the noun they modify we often use words like that which whom and whose with adjective clauses some examples whose birthday is tomorrow which we are going to visit in Spring let's look at these Clauses in sentences Constantine whose birthday is tomorrow is going to be late or mum's Hometown which we're going to visit in Spring is very far away notice how the adjective Clause gives more information about the noun that comes directly before it we now know that Constantine has birthday tomorrow we also know that the speaker will be visiting their mum's Hometown in Spring if you take away these Clauses the sentences still make sense Constantine is going to be late mum's Hometown is very far away we now have different type of clause and it is our final one too it's coordinate clause these are two or more independent clauses in sentence often joined by coordinate conjunctions and or but and so on that makes separate statements that each have equal importance we form compound sentences by linking together coordinate clauses we will discuss sentence structure in another video when that video is ready will put it in the description box an example she's traveling by train but she prefers to travel by car both Clauses in this compound sentence function as independent clauses that can stand alone as individual sentences they are linked together by the coordinate conjunction but therefore these two Clauses are coordinate clauses that's it from me today now it's time for you to complete your exercises they are all in the lesson PDF it's free to 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