Episode 4 Word classes

this is episode four word classes in the last video we broke down the entire system of language into five different subsystems in this video we are going to take individual words and break them up into nine different word classes these word classes are sometimes called the parts of speech now you've probably heard of words such as noun verb adjective and adverb these are all different word classes and these four are the main word classes but there are actually five more they are determiner pronoun preposition conjunction finally interjection some people categorize these word classes differently sometimes pronouns are put together with nouns and sometimes verbs are split into two categories and these categories are the auxiliary verb and the lexical verb because in both instances they share some common and some discriminate features so there can be anywhere between eight to ten word classes depending on how people categorize them this is how I'm choosing to break the word classes down and present them but feel comfortable but it's not the only way now the above classes can be split into two categories the first is the open class category weird in this class are more subject to change in variation these classes can accept new words while other words go out of use what mean by new words are such word such as shrug II which is noun and the description of an emoticon to self-publish or exceed I'll both of which of verbs the first means to publish your own literature on sites such as Amazon and axial means to accidentally call someone on the phone and another example of new word is hangry which is an adjective meaning to be angry because you are hungry might just add here that auxilary verbs are not actually open class which is one of the reasons why they're separated into lexical verbs and auxilary verbs sometimes as separate classes so I'm just going to pop that into line over there and pop it into this side just to remind us that it isn't an open class verb this brings us to the other category of work class which is the opposite and that's closed class so let's pop that in here all of these word classes go into the clothes class category these are determiners prepositions pronouns and conjunctions and of course auxiliary verbs there are very few if any new words in this category these words have usually been in England English language for really long time with very little change and many are in the most commonly used word lists so it might be good idea now to have look at how these work classes look all together so here's couple of sentences whoops Patrick knew that he had made terrible mistake he stood quietly behind the door now let's see how they look when put word classes onto them whoops is an interjection Patrick is noun somebody's name it's proper noun new is verb no in the past tense that is conjunction he this is pronoun free meaning Patrick head and made are both verbs so head is an auxiliary verb and made is the past tense it is lexical but not past tense terrible mistake so for determiner terrible is an adjective and mistake is noun he stood quietly so there's our pronoun he again stood that's what he's doing so that's verb is lexical verb quietly that's how he's standing - and verb there behind well that's preposition that's telling us where he's standing that is determiner and door is noun so that's kind of how all the different word classes look together in the sentence so now that we've been introduced to what the different word classes are and how they look together and we've learned about open classes and closed classes in the next video we are going to look at how we identify these word classes identify in word classes so until then thanks for watching the language code