Psychology of Human Development Lesson 1 Introduction and Theories

Hello, welcome to psychology of human development. this is your host Dr. Tip Pom Fumbo. in the last class was given the introduction where introduced the syllabus or the course outline and today we are starting lesson one and in this lesson we are going to look at introduction to human development. but before we begin want you to to order any of my books. we have got these books that are available on stock and the for this one the psychology of human development. We have got about two different versions that we we we have and you can be able to order these books. Let's continue in in the lesson. when we talk about human psychology, what do we mean? human developments human development psychology refers to the process of growth, change and development that occurs throughout an individual's lifespan. It encompasses physical, cognitive, emotional and social development. So there are lot of theories that that that that that are there in this psychology of human development. Now when we talk about theories we are talking about the gurus that have propounded this the science of human psychology. So there are several theoretical frameworks that attempt to explain this course which is human development. Some of the major theories that we are going to look at is psychoanalytical theory which was propounded by sigmo fraud. So sigma fraud emphasized that the emphasized that the law of of unconscious mind and childhood experiences is sharpening the behavior. So him he was saying that the behavior of somebody is shaped by unconscious mind whereby what you go through as child will be able to manifest as you grow. So that is what sign fraud propounded in the in his theory called psychoanalytical theory. Then we have got behavioral theory which was propounded by John Watson and BF Skinner. BFK Skinner said that when you look at the development of person, it focuses on observable behavior and the law of environment in shaping her behavior. So whilst Sigmon fraud was saying that the behavior of person depends on how that person is being brought up or how that person was brought up. Now the behavioral theory or states that which was propounded by BFK propounds that it is the environment that makes or shapes person's character. So the behavior of person is shaped by the environment. So if the child is growing in bad environment then that child is going to be bad and even as they grow they are going to be bad. Then there is also cognitive theory which was propounded by Jean Pot and Le they emphasizes that the law of thought processes and social interactions in shaping behavior. So now here they propounded they say that it's the mind it's person's mind that will be able to to shape the behavior and that can be also genetical thing which also through interaction. So there is combination in the shaping of someone's behavior. And we have got humanistic theory which was propounded by Roas and Abraos. they said that they propounded that the human human behavior is on personal growth, self-actualization and inherent value of individuals. So it is the inner person that makes person to behave the way person has to behave. So you don't need to tell you don't need to teach person how to behave or the environment cannot teach person how to behave but the inside of that person will be able to tell him what is good and what is not good. Then there is also eological system theory which states or emphasizes that the law of environment factors such as cultural and society have got much influence on the behavior. Now when we also talk about ecological system we are talking about also the environment and the relationship with the environment. So the way maybe the way your environment is structured if it is in the desert if it is in the you in the forest and all that those have got the the effect on the behavior of person. So person is going to behave according to their behavior. Then there are three concepts of development stages. There is one is called parental or parental parentto or infants. So this is prenetal mean prenatal that is before person is born it has got also some development that will shape the character of person even after birth. So in the wh the child is in the womb the fetus is growing it has got also some features that may have an influence in the growth and in the behavior of person. Then when we talk about infants infants that is the from 0 to 5 years where person the way child is going to be raised it will determine the behavior and also the development of that child. Then thirdly we are going to we are looking at childhoods. the childhood also it is concept that makes somebody behave in certain way adorence then adulthood or adulthood. So these are the three concepts of behavior. So now when we talk about developmental tasks let's talk about developmental task. What are developmental task? Developmental tasks are specific skills or abilities that individuals must master at each stage. So they are development tasks that each stage each person will be able to develop as they grow. So the ability of individuals to change and adapt throughout their lives their lives. So that is what is called developmental stages. So developmental tasks tasks refers to the specific skills, abilities or accomplishments that an individual is expected to achieve during each stage of development. these tasks are considered essential for successful adaptation and transision in the life of person. So there are some developmental aspects that one is expected to behave at the certain stage and also there the skills that one is supposed to to have. So let's look at these some of the developmental tasks that one should develop infants. So during the infant stage where child is born from 1 to two years from from 0 to one year that child must be able to develop what is called trust and mistrust that is developing trust with the caregivers. So the way child is going to be treated between the age of zero to the age of one, it's either this child is going to develop trust in people or trust or is going to develop mistrust. that is how this the child is treated. Then there is physical development which lifting head loading over sitting loading over and sitting up. So child is expected to have these milestones as is must be able to do these things as they grow in between the age of 0 to five. So now you can imagine child is not lifting the head at the age of one year you will be able to get worried. Then there is toddra toddhood. So to it's between 1 to 3 years and at this we expect the child to to develop some autonomy and and shame then they doubt developing some of the things they develop language and language development sane first words and others. Then from four to six years that is initiative versus guilty. So at this stage children begins to take initiative and responsibility. There they develop what is called social development that is cooperating with others and showing empathy. So at this time children begin to show empathy. There'll be when somebody is crying they'll go they'll come and start comforting that person and then we have got mid childhood which is 12 7 to 12 which is called industrial versus inferiority. So developing skills and competencies. So at this stage children begins to develop skills and competencies. Now this is the period whereby child can be destroyed by you instituting fear in the child. When the child wants to do something you shout at that child when they want to touch the read they whatever they want to do you are hey is going to destroy it's going to destroy. So that disturbs the growth of the child. So cognitive development improving problem solving. So at this per stage they begin to develop what is called problem solving. remember when was at this stage used to was mechan for everything even when something is just working. remember open the radio where wanted to see what happens in that radio who speaks. So at this stage there is so much you want to know things and so you want to develop things you want to make something. So that is also another stage. Then there is adorence which is 13 to 19 years which is identity and law confusion. So at this time period there is exploring and establishing identity. So this is where we with if not guided well that is where children become something else. So between the age of 13 which is called the teen age the teen age they begin to it's confused stage whereby child doesn't know who he is and they begin to develop by testing whatever they feel like testing. So they want to to test everything that they find and as result if they are not guided they begin to do things that they are not supposed to do and they which may affect their future. The girls that's where now they became they even they become pregnant and the boys sometimes they become fathers at this stage when they are not ready to be fathers because of the experimental stage then forming close relationships and with peers. So they begin now to see the value of friendship and also that is period now they begin to create some intense relationship or feelings for the opposite sex. Then there is young adulthood which is 20 to 39 years. At this time there is intimates and isolation. So depending on how this person has been moving at this stage that is where now you find that people become isolated and also they develop that mutual love for family and the the opposite sex or the wife or the husband. So forming and maintaining intimate relationships. then there is also career development that is establishing career and financial stability. So at this stage we begin to develop the career and by the age of 40 39 one must be able to stand. So then we have got middle adulthood which is 40 to 65. So at this stage it is generative versus stagnation. So this stage there is so much stagnation you find that if you just miss the from the age of 20th to 29 you'd find that at this stage you may you may not know how even the years are going because there is nothing tangible if you are not care that you'll be able to achieve. So contributing to the society and guide the next generation. So at this time you have much experience whereby you need to guide those that are coming. Then there is family pressure whereby at family development at this stage now you are raising children and maintaining family relationships and at this time your concentration that there is so much family responsibilities. then there is let adulthood in this period that is where now integrity versus despair disappear. So in this period it's the period of reflection on life and finding meaning of life. So that is the stage now you begin to reflect on how you have lived your life and how you're going to pack your your life and how are the people going to remember you when you you go. So that is the time that many people they become depressed because of what happened in the past or what because they see they have no legs to to leave. So it's period that people want now to put themselves together and maintaining this is the period where now the fe you begin to drop in the physical health and there are changes which is the aging period and the the what is called gtological psychology which which they begin to develop and people begin to get frustrated and they begin to fail to cope up with life. thank you so much for being with me. As said, you can order this book and thanks and God bless you. Let's meet in the next class where we are going to look at child development. Thank you so much and God bless you.