Arabic Grammar The Subject and the Predicate المُبْتَدأ والخَبر Learning Arabic With Angela

new lesson the previous grammar lesson we learned about parts of speech in terms of noun verb and particle in arabic and we also discussed nominal and verbal sentences so if you haven't watched that lesson it's very essential and important that you go back and watch that one before you continue with this one in this lesson we're going to study the subject and predicate in arabic grammar so last lesson we discussed what we call nominal sentence and basically it starts with noun and you have to know what is meant by noun in arabic because that's quite different to what we call noun in english so noun in arabic could include demonstratives relative pronouns obviously proper names and even names of places and so on so go back to that lesson very important and review your information so basically nominal sentence or an equation sentence is made of two parts the subject and the predicate so this the subject basically it starts the sentence so it's the very first part of the sentence and it gives us an idea of what we're going to talk about and it's usually speaking it's definite noun because when you're trying to inform someone about something let's say albeit the house is big you started with definite noun because it's something that you're familiar with that you're going to talk about so something that you already have some information about that you're going to share with second party so it's usually definite noun but of course there are exceptions and typically in the nominative case except when you have something that we call or that will come in and intrude in the sentence which we call in but that's not part of our lesson so typically if there's no additions to the sentence it's in the nominative case so that's the first part like albeit and it's always in the nominative case and the second part when we say cabiron is big that's what we call alhabar which is the predicate so it's basically the news so in arabic is what you start with that's the typical the translation and predicate or al-khabar is actually news so that's what the second piece of the story or the information that the other party is waiting to hear about and typically it agrees with the subject in terms of the case ending so it's going to be in the nomin nominative case unless you have additions like kana or however it's going to be an accusative case but that's not what we're going to discuss in this lesson so we're going to just discuss about simple nominal sentence made up of plus just one thing normally you have to you have it in this order so albeit but there are exceptions where in some cases you flip the order around and we'll come to that in bit so the first exercise for you is to read the following sentences and distinguish the subject and the predicates take your time let me know which one is the subject and which and remember it's only one word so in the case of then we're gonna ign answers so you can see i've got here and you can see it's pronoun here so you can start nominal sentence with pronoun like ana and mt and so on muslim is the predicate so we started with definite noun again it could be pronoun it could be with an or over here ahmad is the name of the person or they would the name of place proper nouns so you start the nominal sentence typically with something that is definite like is definite with the so that's the subject and the yellow ones are the news and plural same thing with alhabar so the two students are sad so subject and predicate so that's an example of so the two boys are sick and that side you are happy heather bait this is house so what we can learn over here that this subject is always mostly 90 percent of the time or 99 of the time is going to be in the definite case which is proper name pronoun demonstrative or it could be as well with adafo so let me give you this example when you say ahmad for example my name is ahmad so ismi is composed of is which doesn't have so it's not definite but when we add the yeah which means my it became definite because now it's my name so it's something that's familiar and known it's not any name it's my name so my name is ahmad so now we have definite noun so any noun will become definite by means of idafa or annexation therefore construction or annexation for example if you say omri so it becomes my that's definite noun and the predicate is that's the predicate so very important to know that udaafa makes the noun definite so don't make the mistake of starting nominal sentence with an in definite noun if you're beginner so you can't say message because you're speaking about the mosque is far and in english sometimes when you're speaking about general things you don't use but in arabic you have to for example let's say dogs are animals dogs are animals so you don't say the dogs are animals but in arabic you have to say when you say life is beautiful okay but in arabic you have to say life is beautiful so you have to start with hell so that's pointer for you okay so can be plane noun is something that you can see and it's obvious and that you can see them it can be as we said pronoun damier like detached pronoun like and over here pronoun here sadia katie she's my friend it could be relative pronoun ism she who entered sorry she who entered is my friend my female friend so just examples of an obvious pronoun and it could be as well what we call the derived or something that is not straightforward so what is al-masdal well it's usually when formed when you combine and plus the verb and very well known example too fast or that you fast is good for you so you can always replace and and the present tense with the gerund which is always plus the present tense verb you can change it to the gerund and so to work hard is good for you or beneficial for you we can replace it with the gerund from the verb replace so you can say so your patience is good for you and god is forgiving and merciful so that's an additional piece of information so subject can also be mastered so derived or not straightforward but if you're beginner just focus on the simple things that we've discussed if if you're on if you're already at an intermediate level that's good to know so i've written here and for you to remember so noun pronoun etc and am as in master al-khabar the predicate so could be one word it could be sentence on its own which could be nominal or verbal or it could be prepositional phrase so the two houses are big so over here one word this is the predicate or the news sentence her husband is doctor so that's like literally sentence within sentence so the predicate over here is nominal sentence so though so that's the news or the predicate so her and the predicate could be verbal sentence sentence so the predicate over here is verbal sentence and if you just remove sarah that's sentence on its own verbal sentence or it could be prepositional phrase sarah to film bait she's in the house of phil bait that's the prepositional phrase which is composed of preposition and the noun so different ways of constructing the predicate what are the signs of the subject and predicate so they it's important to know that they're in the normal nominative case both of them unless you have editions like kanawa or which we're not discussing in this lesson so the dhamma is the easiest and straightforward sign that you normally see for normally for singular like albeitu or because it's indefinite they cannot say al-bayton double dhamma or tanwyn doesn't go with the alif lam the definite article so over here wonderful feminine plural so when you have singular like albeit when you have broken plural like when you have sound feminine plural like you're gonna have dhamma or double that's the sign of the duel so when you want to change something to the dual you're adding alif unless it's in the accusative case it becomes for example sell two houses so that's going to be in the accusative case but over here nominated so the alif is the sign that's the sign for the predicate as now for the sound masculine plural is the wow just be careful that's wow that's not dhamma like so wow in the nominative case because that's the natural case where the subject and the predicate are in and they are serious the scientists are serious the tourists are tired so the wow in the case of the sound masculine plural so these are the signs of the predicate and the subject remember the dhamma or dhamma the alif and the wow always in the nominative case unless you have intrusions to the sentence answer the following questions italian so you have to categorize basically place each sentence in its right place in the table joomla failure are we gonna have to practice that before going to the next exercise let's see if you remember from the last lesson so baraka fika allah allah that means the holiday is near literally at the doors that's common expression that means it's near el madres the school is closed pause the screen again because i'm going to skip to the answers it started with verb started with the verb obviously verb so that's verbal sentence now nominal sentence which is made from subject so subject and predicate is prepositional again read the following sentences and tell apart or distinguish what which one is subject and which one is the predicate you're generous both of them they are students ahmed is an engineer so diptop noun over here medina city the sun is shining pause the screen again if you need time so over here you have pronoun pronoun proper noun proper noun name of person name of place definite noun as well but they're all definite nouns al-hajj with el al-alimun hashems notice the signs now for pronouns they're what we call which is they don't change so you don't put dumb it doesn't become anto or something like that so it's always going to be enter and huma okay so for pronouns for relative pronouns and and demonstratives they they're not going to change with regards to case endings but over here if you look ahmadu thanks thanks remember the sound masculine plural we use the wow and that's the sign in the nominative case so we don't say mean we say same thing for the predicate double dhamma over here in the duel alif because it still me than two students masculine plural mushrika over here with the double dhamma hashems is feminine pronoun in arabic some nouns although they don't have the the endings that are typical for feminine nouns but some hands are just feminine like yed is feminine hand is feminine as shams is also feminine then the moon by the way is masculine but the the sun is feminine in arabic in other languages it's different so we've already gone through the case endings and i've explained each one annie thank you for watching and see you in the next lesson as