Class 11 Biology Chapter 1 The Living World Full Chapter Home Revise

chapter 1 living world introduction planet earth is made up of abiotic and biotic components the biotic components are obviously the living beings present around us the question is why do we call them living and how do they differ from non-living basic principle of life the living being once produced or born has to survive for survival it needs energy and many chemical molecules for energy it has to perform metabolism metabolism is breaking of molecules that is catabolism and making of new molecules that is anabolism from birth onwards organisms show tendency of growth and development this growth is well-orchestrated process you might have observed sand mounds boulders grow etc this growth is not from within and hence these are not living beings see growth and development are not the processes which have unlimited time span at certain point of time the molecules organs systems begin to lose their effective working and become old this is aging process of the body life has to continue hence the organism tries to produce young one like itself it is possible due to reproduction asexual or sexual this ensures continuity of race mules sterile worker bees do not reproduce yet are living can we call reproduction an inclusive characteristic of life as the body loses its capacity to perform metabolism the organism dies if any living being responds to thermal chemical or biological changes in the surrounding this is unique property of living beings there is immense diversity in living organisms since time immemorial variety of organisms are living together on earth in order to understand the interrelations between living and non-living as well as between two living beings or groups systematic study of these is essential this data is also important for various industries and agriculture intensive laboratory and field studies in order to identify and classify the organisms from strong bases for meaningful use of the collected data if we need to study this diversity certain aids called taxonomical aids can be used these include herbaria botanical gardens museums biodiversity parks etc her barrier the collection or deposition of dried plant material by using various techniques of preservation and their arrangement in the sequence of an accepted classification forms her barrier the preservation techniques include mostly the pressing and drying of plant material however the succulent plant or plants unsuitable for drying and pressing technique are fixed in suitable liquid preservatives like formaldehyde acidic alcohol etc herbarium technique involves collection drying poisoning mounting stitching labeling and deposition her barrier are associated with research institutes scientific societies botanic gardens universities and colleges in developing country like india the are small and built up by government or private agencies her barrier can be classified into three main categories such as regional her barrier local her barrier and her barrier of educational institutions including schools colleges and universities the herbaria preserve national regional local plant wealth and help to carry out research programs are fundamental or of applied value it also facilitates exchange and loan of preserved plant material for various purposes like exhibitions research etc it fulfills public demand by supplying plant material and giving scientific information regarding plants by arranging training courses botanical gardens botanical gardens are the places where plants of different varieties collected from different parts of the world are grown in scientific and systematic in vivo manner plants are labeled the label board shows scientific as well as common name of the plant know the scientists in 1543 first botanical garden of the world was established by an italian professor luca guinea ad 1490 to 1556 at pisa italy botanical garden at queue in england is known for largest collection of more than 30 000 specimens that is preserved plants and more than 7 million herbarium conservation of biodiversity biodiversity is the degree of variation of life forms in an ecosystem biodiversity is essential to maintain ecological stability the extent of complexity and density of biodiversity can be regarded as measure of health of an ecosystem population explosion and over exploitation of resources has resulted in loss of biodiversity at an alarming rate conservation involves attempting to slow down stop or even reverse the loss in the natural habitat of organisms this is known as in situ conservation why does the loss of biodiversity matter for many people it is simple moral or ethical issue we share our planet with huge range of other organisms and we have no right to harm them biodiversity helps to maintain stability of an ecosystem loss of one variety of organisms can affect entire ecosystem museum museums are the places where collections of preserved plant and animal specimens are kept plant and animal specimens may be preserved in formalin that is 10 to 40 percent formaldehyde in transparent jaws jaws are labeled larger animals like birds and mammals are usually stuffed and preserved the science is known as taxidermy specimens of dried form are also kept in museum we can even find systematic collections of shells skeletons of animals insect boxes in museums thus biological museums in educational institutes are reference hubs of biodiversity studies zoological parks zoological park generally known as zoo is place of interest for common man in zoo wild animals are kept in captivity they are protected and care is taken to provide conditions similar to their natural habitat in zoo naturalist can study food habits and behavior of animals flora manuals monographs and catalog are some other tools of maintaining biodiversity records flora is the plant life occurring in particular area on time monograph describes any one selected biological group whereas manuel provides information he is about identification of species found in particular area biodiversity parks it is an ecological assemblage of species that form self-sustaining communities on degraded or barren landscape example late uttam rao partel biodiversity park gurega mahabaleshwar the spark is the best model for conservation of natural heritage in urban landscape systematic classification of living organisms is helpful in understanding the interrelations in order to understand interrelations between organisms and maintain harmony on planet earth study of biodiversity is must know the scientists dr agarkar one of the leading botanists of india dr agarkar was born in november 1884 in malvan maharashtra he explored biodiversity of western ghats where he came across species of freshwater jellyfish which was until then only known to be found in africa these findings were published in scientific journal nature in 1912. dr anna dale the superintendent of the indian museum in kolkata helped dr agarkar in his further endeavors to collect preserve and conduct microscopic examinations of animal and plant specimens the institute ari pune has been named after his name he he is taxonomical aid used for classification of plants and animals the keys are based on contrasting characters one of the contrasting characters gets accepted and other rejected the statement in key is called lead normally keys are analytical in nature let us study about classification of living organisms in next chapter do you know when plants from any forest locality are conserved on the name of holy place it is called as sacred group these are also considered as sacred natural sights by iucn subscribe to my channel click on bell icon to get notification about new video