أسماء الإشارة Demonstrative Pronouns Episode 1

So welcome to new class, new course titled asma'ul ishara. Asma'ul ishara translates in English to demonstrative pronouns. Asma'ul ishara. Either you call it asma'ul ishara or you call it ismul ishara. So while asma'ul ishara translates to demonstrative pronouns, ismul ishara which translates to demonstrative pronoun without the because the difference between ismun and asma is just singularity and plurality. So ismul is the singular form of what? Asma. Asma is the plural while ismul is the singular. So demonstrative pronouns, you can say ismul ishara. So demonstrative pronouns are words used to point out or indicate specific people, things or places. So to make it simpler. So in English, we all we all know that, these, those and the likes. So these words are used in indicating particular thing or place or particular person or people as the case may be. So this asma'ul ishara, the case of this, that, those is still the same thing in Arabiya with just little differences. so they help the seeker show whether something is near or far. So this are this is an important point about demonstrative pronouns. So they help the seeker to show whether something is near or far. Meaning it is used in what? In indicating the nearness or farness of something, what you are making reference to or what you are indicating. So you have to use this asma'ul ishara. So it tells about what? About the nearness or farness of that thing. So, there's there's clear difference between this and that. So, this is indicating that that thing is what? Is near. While that indicates that it is what? It is far away. So, this one of the cogent points that we need to pay attention to as far as demonstrative pronouns are concerned. And also and in Arabic, they also reflect gender. They also reflect gender. So, meaning with these demonstrative pronouns, it is easy to know the gender of what we are referring to. This is not the case for demonstrative pronouns in English. You see this, these, that, those. So, there's nothing like reflection of gender there. So, if say this, this can this this word So, it doesn't indicate whether what will be referring to is what? Is boy or girl, masculine or or feminine. But, the case of Arabia, there's clear difference between haza and hazihi. We are still coming there actually. So, haza indicates that the the thing or the person in in context now is what? Is male. Is masculine. While hazihi indicates that that person or that thing or that place is what? Is feminine. But, that's not the case with this, that, and those. That's not the case with That's not the case with demonstrative pronouns in what? In English. So, in Arabia, so aside from the fact that these demonstrative pronouns, they indicate the nearness and farness of what is being referenced. So, at at the same time, also reflect gender. So, and also they also reflect what? Number. The number of the thing or place or the person in what in question. So, if say "hadha", this "hadha" is indicating three things. Firstly, it is indicating the nearness of what I'm referring to. Secondly, it is also indicating the gender that it is male. Aside from the fact that it is near. Secondly, it is male. And thirdly, it is what? It is singular. So, we are going to understand it better when we what? When we get there, inshallah. So, this is just an overview of what demonstrative pronouns are. Now, so we'll be taking these demonstrative pronouns one after the other. So, said here that in Arabic, the common demonstrative pronouns include, meaning we have many of them. But, due to our level, due to our current level, we'll be exploring just, these few out of many. So, this is just about 11 demonstrative, pronouns out of many. Meaning, we still have some that is not, been mentioned in this, class. So, moving forward. So, here we'll be taking look at "hadha", "dhaka", "dhalika". "Hadha", "dhaka", "dhalika". So, I've combined these demonstrative pronouns. I've grouped them based on their similarities. So, these three, demonstrative pronouns, they are very, very similar. Only that they they they only have just little difference between them. So, they are they are similar. So, one thing would like to emphasize on here is that every demonstrative pronoun has conditions. Meaning, before you can use it effectively, you must take note of these conditions. So, without that, you'll be using it wrongly. So, shurut. Here we have al-shurut. Al-shurut means conditions. So, to use these demonstrative pronouns effectively, you must take note of what? Of these conditions. First of all, we have al-mufrad, meaning these demonstrative pronouns, they are only used for what? For singular. Al-mufrad, singular. So, they are only used in what? In indicating singular what? Probably place or subject or person or as the case may be. So, al-mufrad. The second one, al-mudhakkar, meaning what you are making reference to must be what? Must be mudhakkar, must be masculine. Al-qarib. So, al-qarib, take note of the of the color. Here we have purple, meaning this al-qarib is condition for for hadha only. It is for hadha. Al-qarib means near, near. Meaning this hadha, aside from the fact that you have to take note of al-mufrad, al-mudhakkar, you still have to take note of what? The nearness of what you are referring to. So, meaning it is only used for something that is what? That is near. So, while this al-ba'id, it's what? It agrees with dhaka and dhalika. Meaning dhaka and dhalika, they are both used for far thing, something that is far. If you are referring to you are if you are indicating to something that is what? That is far. So, that means the right demonstrative pronoun in this in this case is what? Is dhaka and dhalika and not hadha. Provided that provided these conditions, they are what? They are already what? Met. So, al-mufrad, al-mudhakkar. So, al-qarib, you take hadha. And if it is al-ba'id, you take dhaka and dhalika. And lastly, we have al-aqil and ghayr al-aqil. So, meaning these three demonstrative pronouns, you can effectively use them for something that is rational. Al-aqil means rational, something that has sense. So, while ghayr al-aqil means something that is that is not rational, irrational thing. So, this al-aqil in Arabiya, whenever you hear aqil, three things falls under this category. Firstly, we have al-insan, that is man, human. So, secondly, we have al-mala'ika. And lastly, we have al-jinn. So, that's what that's three the three things that falls under what al-aqil. Any other thing would be what would be considered irrational in what in Arabiya. So, to make this point, to make it more clear or to make it clearer to us, let it get Let's take look at these examples. Here we have Here we have al-amthilatu al-munasibah. Al-amthilatu al-munasibah means appropriate examples. Appropriate example, that is the examples that conform or that align with these aforementioned conditions. So, here we have hadha Muhammadun. Hadha Muhammadun. And if you like, you can say dhaka Muhammadun. So, before moving on, hadha this hadha we translate to this, While dhaka and dhalika translate to that, So, meaning if say hadha Muhammadun, it means this is Muhammad. While dhaka Muhammadun means that is Muhammad. So, now let's compare this with the conditions that mentioned earlier. So, al-mufrad Muhammad here, it is what? It is mufrad, it is singular. Al-mudhakkar, it is masculine. Al-qareeb, meaning if will be using this hadha, it will be translating to this is Muhammad. But if if if want to choose this dhaka, it will mean that. So, dhaka Muhammad will translate to that is Muhammad. So, and at the same time, Muhammad falls under what? Al-aqil. So, meaning these conditions are what? They are met. All these four conditions are what? Are met. So, definitely this hadha Muhammadun is what? Is grammatically correct. So, moving forward, we have hadha waladun, or you say hadha ghulamun, or you say hadha rajulun. So, hadha waladun means this is what? This is boy. This is boy. While hadha ghulamun means this is teenager. teenager. While hadha rajulun means this is an adult. So, walad falls within the age range of 1 to to 3. While ghulam is about or you say this 1 to 5. While ghulam is above 5 till the age of what? Puberty. So, rajul is from puberty age upward. So, hadha waladun means this is what? This is boy. So, dhaka will definitely translate to that. So, dhaka waladun, that is boy. Dhaka ghulamun, that is teenager. While dhaka rajulun will translate to that is man. Mhm? So, or that is an adult. So, now comparing this just like we did for the first one. So, let's compare whether these examples align with the the conditions. So, walad, it is mufrad. Walad, at the same time it is muzakkar, walad. So, this qarib and ba'id, it depends on your choice. If you are making reference to something that is near, meaning you'll be using hadha. Mhm? And if it is far, you're making use of dhalika. believe it is clear. So, al-aqil now, walad, ghulam, rajul, they are what? They are all mankind, human. So, definitely they fall under what? Al-aqil. So, this example also what? Also conforms with the the conditions. Now, let's take look at the third one. So, we have hadha kitabun. So, kitabun also it conforms with this this this, mhm? Only that it is what? It is ghayr al-aqil. And said that from the conditions that it is either this or this, meaning it is also what? It is also correct. Hadha kitabun. So, this is book. Dhalika kitabun. That is book. believe it is clear. So, the same thing applies to hadha jidarun. Jidarun means wall, Hadha jidarun. This is wall. Dhalika jidarun. That is wall. So, the same thing we have hadha mindilun. This is handkerchief. So, hadha dhalika mindil. That is an handkerchief or handkerchief. So, with these, believe the the first segment of demonstrative pronouns based on my grouping, that is hadha, dhalika, and dhalika. want to believe that it is clear to this what? point. Meaning this hadha, dhalika, and dhalika. If you are using another thing or if you have condition For example, you want to make reference to mu'annath now, mu'annath, something that is feminine. And you're you're are hadha Aisha too. So, that is wrong. Why? Even though Aisha, it is mufrod. Even though Aisha could be qareeb or ba'eed. Even though Aisha is what is aaqil. So, the fact that it has it is not what aligning or conforming with this second condition. That is muzakkar. So, it makes it rendered the the expression wrong. So, meaning the expression is what is grammatically not correct. It is wrong to say "Hazaa Aisha" too. So, the correct expression it will be discussed in the what in the next segment. So, moving forward, here we have "Haazihi" and "Tilka". "Haazihi" and "Tilka". So, just like the the one we we did just now, "Hazaa", "Zaaka" and "Zaalika". So, the same conditions applied to it applies to "Haazihi" and "Tilka". Only that "Haazihi" and "Tilka", they are both used specifically for mu'annath. If you check the difference between these four conditions and what and these, you will notice that what it is obviously the same thing. Only that here we have what al-mu'annath. Al-mu'annath. So, "Haazihi" we translate to this. While "Tilka" we also translate to what that. So, this is one of the beauties of what of Arabiya. So, in Arabiya we have many demonstrative of pronouns with different conditions. So, unlike in English where "Haazihi", "Tilka", "Zaaka", "Hazaa" and "Zaalika" we translate to the same thing. So, here we have al-mufrod. Al-mufrod. Let's take an example then compare it with the the conditions that we have here. So here we have had he Aisha too or you say had he fat at him. So had he Aisha too we translate to this is Aisha or had he fat at him this is girl. While till Aisha too we translate to that is Aisha until fat at him we translate to that is girl. So comparing this let's compare between the conditions let's confirm whether this Aisha whether it's met with the conditions. So here Aisha it is more fraud. So at the same time it is more honest it is feminine. Al Qaliib it is what it is it is that you use had he. So that is why it is painted it is highlighted with what with purple. So had he Aisha too. So and if you like you can still say till Aisha too. So this and that this is Aisha and that is Aisha. So Aisha at the same time it is what it is Al Qaliib. It is Al Qaliib. So meaning what this expression is grammatically what correct but saying had Aisha too it is what it is wrong. To say had Aisha too why because Aisha is feminine. Aisha is more honest and had is only used for what for Muzakkar. So meaning it is incorrect to say had Aisha too. So want you to believe that this is clear. So had he we have had he more honest too. So before moving forward the easiest way to recognize or differentiate between Al Muzakkar and Al Mu'annath is the rounded ta that is always found at the end of Mu'annath. Ismu that nouns that are that are feminine. So they will always have in most cases. So, they always have ta. rounded ta at the end. So, while muzakkar doesn't what? It doesn't have rounded ta at the end. So, just like the case of fataatun is different from fata. Fata is boy while fataatun is what? Is girl. So, the same thing applies to muhandisatun here. Muhandisatun is female engineer while muhandis is male engineer. So, mudarrisatun is female teacher while mudarris is male teacher. So, that's just the clue about differentiating between al-muzakkar and al-mu'annath. So, moving forward, we have haadhihi muhandisatun. This is female engineer. So, haadhihi mudarrisatun, this is female teacher. Haadhihi 'ajuzun. This is what? This is an old woman. So, 'ajuz is used for the old. So, 'ajuz for female. If it is male, you use shaykhun, shaykhun. So, comparing between this and between this expression or let's confirm whether it's it's met with these conditions. So, we have al-mufrad. Muhandisatun is mufrad and at the same time muhandisatun is mu'annath. Muhandisatun is what? Is qarib if you are using haadhihi and it is ba'id if you are using what? Tilka. So, it is either 'aqil or ghayrul 'aqil. It is 'aqil. Muhandisatun. The same thing with mudarrisatun and the same thing with 'ajuz. So, now I'm taking look at the third one. Hadiqatun. Hadiqatun also conforms with the the conditions. Only that hadiqatun is what? Is ghayrul 'aqil and said earlier that it is either al-'aqil or ghayrul 'aqil. Meaning it's still what? It's still correct to say haadhihi hadiqatun. So, haadhihi qalamun suuratun. So, called on Suaton also met with the conditions despite the fact that it is what? It is going to happen. So, called on Suaton means cup. This is cup. the he called on Suaton. Why had he he called on we lot on. Called on we lot on means table. it means table. So, had he he called on we lot on. So, table is what? Is Is going to happen. It is not rational. So, it is still what? It is still correct with that. So, now, here we have had he called on to burn or you say till cut called on to burn. Had he called on meaning what? These are books. Had he called on to burn. Called on to burn is is the plural form of kitab. Kitab is the singular while called on to is the plural. So, had he called on to burn. These are books. so, white silica we translate to what? Those are what? Those are or till cut till cut called on to burn. So, these are what? Or you say those So, to indicate that it is what? It is buying. To indicate that it is what? Buying. So, those are what? Those are books. So, one thing want us to pay attention to here is that comparing this called on to just moment. Comparing this called on to these conditions. You will notice that called on to it is what? It is not more fraud. It is not more fraud. So, that is why give an option here that it is either more fraud or jump on going to happen. For jump on that is what? That is not rational. So, called on to is is is plural. But, at the same time it It what? It is not rational Like my hand is out to Aisha to and Hadi so it is not rational. So it is correct to use what? To to say has he could have been. So that's the first condition actually. I'll jam guy will argue secondly is it more and less or not? So taking look at the form presently now being what's it called? Being plural so you can consider it as what? As more and less. So plural I'll jam plural for something that is not rational. Something that is not rational. So they are always considered as what? As more and less in Arabia. So moving forward How do you so it complies with what? Al Qari while it is is is for what? Is for Al Baid. So is it Al Qari or Al Qari? It is Al Qari. So it is correct to say as he could have been provided that it is what? It is jam it is plural for Al Qari Al Qari. Meaning it is wrong for me to to use plural that is Al Qari. For example Banat. Banat. Banat is what? Is the plural form of been to. Been to is just girl. So Banat means what? Girls, females. So it is wrong to say as he Banat is wrong. Why? Because what? Because Banat is jam it is and the condition that must be met to use as he is what? Is is either what? More fraud or for jam that is not what? That is not rational. Go ahead with Al Qari. So Banat is what? Is not rational despite the fact that it is what? It is jam. So it is wrong to say as he Banat. want to believe that it is clear. So how do you also do? So how do you also do is still what? it's still correct or you say usudun. Why is it correct? It is correct because what it is jamal. Usud is the plural form of asad. Asad is lion while usud is lions, the plural form. So, despite the fact that it is jamal, it is jamal for what? It is not rational. said it earlier that rationality in Arabia. So, it's based on what? It's based on three things. It's either what is it called? For man, human or what? Or malaika or what? Or jin. So, those are the three things that form that falls under what? Any other thing aside from that will be considered to what? It will be considered irrational. So, meaning asad, despite the fact that some people will be thinking that asad is is rational. It should be it has what? Sense. So, that's not the case. in Arabia is concerned. So, al jamal go with al akil. So, usud is jamal and at the same time it is go with al akil. Meaning it's what? It's agrees with this first condition. Secondly, al mu'annas. So, said it earlier that for plural that are what? That is for go with al akil, it is it is correct to consider it as what? As mu'annas. Provided it is what? It is jamal for go with al akil. So, qarib or ba'id. So, it depends. Hadihi usudun. These are what? These are lions. Tilka usudun. Those are what? Those are lions. So, want to believe that it is clear up to this point. So, hadhihi and tilka. Hadhihi will translate to these while tilka will translate to what? That. So, simple clue between the difference between and only falls year while is used for is used for what? The remaining conditions is still what? It's still the same. It is still constant as far as both demonstrative pronouns are concerned. So, moving forward Here we have and has an is used for what? it will still translate to these. As that it translates to these while also translates to that. But the difference between has and is that is used to make reference to something that is dua. Something that is dua. So, this is not found in English language. So, an is for dua and dua in Arabia is al muthanna al muthanna. So, taking look at the conditions now. So, to use effectively so meaning this condition has to be met. Firstly, what you are making reference to has to be what? Has to be dua. That's the first condition. Secondly, it has to be what? It has to be masculine and thirdly, it is either or al qareeb is for what? Has an meaning near. So, while far it is it is for what? It is for zanika. So, and also the the last point al so you can either use it for something that is rational or irrational being. So, taking look at the examples now. That's the appropriate examples. Here we have all of Taliban. These are two students. So, that's the best way to translate in in English. So, these are two students. So, these are two what? Are two are two students. So, Hazani Taliban. Or you say Zanika Talibani. So, those are two students. So, taking look that let's compare with the conditions. So, Hazani here or is Talibani. Talibani is Muthana. It is dual. And at the same time it is what? It is Muzakar because the the the singular form of it is Talibun. And Talib is what? Is Muzakar. So, at the same time Al-Qarib, it is what? It is near. Provided that we are using Hazani. And if it is Zanika, it is for what? Al-Baeed. So, Talibani it is what? It is Aaqil. Meaning it conforms with what? With the these four conditions. So, one thing would like to explain further here is that to to convert it is easy in Arabiya to convert singular noun to dual. How is that done? Just by It is done by adding Alif and what? And Ta. Alif and Ta. Talibun, if you want to convert it to Muthana, you just add your Alif. This added Alif and what? Alif and Nun, sorry. So, you say Talibani. If it is Kitabun, to convert it to two books, it becomes what? Kitabani. If it is for Qalam, it becomes Qalamani. If it is for Thawbun, it becomes Thawbani. It is if it is for anything, just keep adding Alif and what? And Nun. So, but at times you'll find you find it as Ya and Nun. So, that's separate case on its own. Just know that it is either Alif and what? And it it is either you are adding Alif and Nun or ya and nun. Meaning we can still have talibani. We can still have kitabani and we can still have what qalamani. But it goes beyond the scope of our what of our topic for today. So we'll be exploring it on later date, inshallah. So here we have hazani talibani. So hazani waladani, ghulamani, shurtiyani. Mhm? So these are two boys, two teenager, two two police what policemen. So shurtiyani is police what men. So that's the singular shurtiyani. To convert it to musanna, just add alif and nun, then it becomes shurtiyani. So ghulamun, to convert it to musanna, it becomes what ghulamani. The same thing with waladun, it becomes waladani. So comparing this with the conditions, so waladani is musanna, it is muzakkar, it is qarib provided that you are using hazani, and it is ba'id provided that you are using azanika. So is it aqil or ghairu aqil? It is what it is aqil. So the same thing applies to ghulamani and shurtiyani. So but the case of thawb, thawb is what is ghairu aqil. Hazani thawbani. That's what that's these are two clothes. Azanika thawbani, those are two clothes. So hazani judurani, these are what are two walls. Azanika judurani, those are two walls. want to believe that that is clear. Thawbun is cloth. Why jidarun? this is jidarun. There's mistake here. Jidarun, not judurani. Mhm? Jidarun. hazani mushafani. Hazani mushafani. Mushaf, that's the singular, that's the Mhm? So the plural the dual form is mus ha fan. So ha za ni mus ha fan. These are two Quorans. These are two mus hafs. So why is za ni ka those are two mus hafs. So if you compare these these are ban Quoran ji da ron and mus ha fan. If you compare it with these conditions you notice that what the coin they all comply with the the conditions. So that is that about ha zan and what and za ni ka. So we now have another form of these. Such that the only difference between these and the next one that will be exploring now is just what is just this al mu za ka. It's just this what al mu za ka. Here we have al mu an nas instead of al mu za ka. Now here we are. We have ha tan and ta ni ka. Ha tan and ta ni ka. So ha tan just like ha zan it also translates to these. And ta ni ka translates to what those. Only that what ha tan the difference between ha zan and ha tan lies in these or within this second condition. So every other condition remains what the same. So ha tan is used for mu san na is used for mu an nas dual and what feminine and at same time it is used for al qa rib. And it is used for either al kil or kil. Here we have ha ta ni ta li ba tan. Do these are two what are two students. Ha ta ni ta li ba tan. Ha ta ni im ra tan. These are two females. So so it is wrong here to say ha zan ni ta li ba tan. Why is it wrong? Because ha zan is specifically for that guy. So why is it specifically for what? So it agrees with these conditions. It is with these conditions. It is with these conditions. It is with these conditions. It is with these conditions. It is with these conditions. It is with these conditions. It is with these conditions. It is with these conditions. It is with these conditions. It is with these conditions. It is with these conditions. So at the same time it is what? It is for It is for meaning it is what? It is rational. The same thing with the same thing with the same thing with So how do you how do you how do you how do you how do you how do you is garden. So how do you how do you how do you how do you how do you how do you how do you So two phones, two gardens. So these these are what? These are two gardens. These are two mobile phones. So we translate to those. We translate to those. So those are two mobile phones. Those are two gardens. Those are two mobile phones. So if you compare these with the conditions. So it is because it has rounded at the end. So it is because it So it is because you are using these because you are using So is it or is it or is it And at the same time it is what? It is correct to use it like that. So how do you how do you So how do you how do you how do you how do you how do you how do you how do you how do you how do you how do you how do you how do you how do you how do you how do you how do you how do you how do you how do you how do you how do you how do you how do you how do you how do you how do you how do you how do you how do you how do you how do you how do you how do you So It's still the same thing as said earlier. How do you how do you how do you how do you how do you how do you how do you how do you how do you how do you how do you how do do you how do you how do you how do you how do you how do you how do you how do you how do you how do you how do you how shurut, the conditions that we have here. So, in our next episode, inshallah, we'll be exploring ha'ula'i and ula'ika. So, we'll be stopping here. We ask Allah subhana wa ta'ala to increase us in knowledge and understanding.