Demonstrative Pronouns and Adjectives Grammar lesson for ESL students

Hey friends, I'm Ratcha and I'm back with new lesson. In today's lesson, I'm going to teach you demonstrative pronouns and adjectives. Well, this lesson is targeted towards basic English learners. And generally people get confused how do we use demonstrative pronouns or adjectives. Before start, first let me explain what do you mean by demonstratives? Now when have objects or or certain nouns or when when speaker talks about certain ideas that you know are close or or in thought or something that is close at hand he uses this. So this when say this it's something that is close at hand for example this marker. So this is used when you talk about something that is singular that is one and when there are many you say these. So this is the plural form. So this and these are used when you talk about objects that are close or close at hand or certain ideas. Okay. Now when we talk about something that is far away or when you point out to something so you say that. So only when when there's one object you say that for so for example say that book so point out it is far away say that book. So for singular you say that for an object that is far. And when there are many things that are far you say those. So you say those. You point out they are not next to you. They are far. So hope this is clear to you. Demonstratives this, these, that, those, this, and these for objects that are near, this for singular, these for plural, and objects that are far that you use when you talk about singular object, and those for plural. So now I'm going to take you through few sentences to show you the diff difference between demonstrative pronouns and demonstrative adjectives. So now let's understand the difference between demonstrative adjectives and pronouns. Now have few sentences here. In my first example, this book is new. Now demonstrative adjective qualifies noun. If you see it has come before noun book. So it is generally used with nouns. So this book is new. That means I'm talking about one book singular. Please remember the verb you use is this is because it's just one book. It's singular. So the verb also has to be singular. So this book is new. Now let's take look at pronouns. This is John speaking. Now here there is no noun after this. So basically demonstrative pronoun can come alone. They stand alone. They need not qualify or they don't qualify noun. So here this is demonstrative pronoun. Again this is because it's singular. So this is please do not you know lot of people make mistakes and say these are. So please remember with this it's always this is because it is singular. Now let's take go on to the next example. These pens are new. Now there are many pens. Pen is noun but there are many pens. So these pens are you use the plural form because you are talking about more than one pen. So these pens are new. So this is these is demonstrative adjective because it is qualifying or it is talking about pen in its plural form pens. Okay. Now in the example here these look perfect. So probably my friend tells me how do these shoes look? said these look perfect. So here there is no noun. It stands alone. So it becomes demonstrative pronoun. Fine. Let's move on to the next example. That dog is black. Now again we use that when we talk about an object that is fast. So point and say hey that dog is black. So that dog again use is because it's just one dog. I'm qualifying or I'm emphasizing on the noun dog. So that dog is black. It's an adjective. Demonstrative adjective. Okay. Now coming to the demonstrative pronoun that is incorrect. So if someone tells you something and you say no that is incorrect. It comes alone. That is okay. Now that's an idea. It's something far. You can't touch it. It's not at hand. So that is incorrect. Okay, my last example. Those CDs are old. Again, those are because they are far. So you say those CDs are old. Qualifies the noun series in the plural form. So those CDs are old. Those are CDs. So here those are because it's plural. So point out and say those are CDs. They are far and they are plural. So those are CDs. Okay friends. hope this is clear to you. Now I'm going to take you through different uses of these demonstrative pronouns and adjectives. So now let's take look at how we use that and those to avoid repetition of previous noun. For example, the climate of New York is like that of New Jersey. Now, climate is noun. Okay? To avoid the repetition of this, use that. Now, why use that? Because it's an idea that is far away. And secondly, it is singular, just one climate. So, the climate of New York is like that of New Jersey. So instead of saying is like the climate of New Jersey, use that to avoid the repetition of the previous noun climate. Okay. In my next example, the rivers. So here you have the plural noun, the rivers of America are larger than those of Europe. Now here those is replacing the noun rivers and use those because the noun is in plural. So say the rivers of America are larger than instead of saying the rivers replace it by those of Europe. Okay, hope this is clear to you. Let's move on to the next condition. Now when you have already mentioned or spoken about certain things probably two things you replace them with this and that. For example, alcohol and tobacco are injurious. So I've already mentioned these two the two nouns alcohol and tobacco. this perhaps so this that means talk about the last mentioned noun or the object so tobacco is the last mentioned I'll use this okay so we use this to replace the object that is last mentioned that is tobacco so this replaces tobacco this perhaps less than that now the object that you mentioned earlier in this case it is alcohol you will use that. So this and that replaces objects that you have already spoken about or you have mentioned. This replaces the object that you spoke last about and that for the object that you spoke about earlier. Well friends, this brings me to the end of this lesson. hope you enjoyed watching it. Please do put in your comments and queries. I'll be back soon. Till then take care and bye. Down.