Introduction to Protozoa the unicellular parasites amoeba giardia leishaniasia plasmodium

in this video we will focus on protozoan parasites to recap parasites can be divided into three main types protozoa helmets and ectoparasites protozoa are single celled eukaryotic organisms protozoans are class of protists and so are other organisms such as slime molds and alga all these guys are unicellular ukar protozoan comes from the Latin in Greek to mean first animal thought to be the earliest animal to have existed all protozoans are ukar and therefore possesses what's called true or membrane bound nucleus however protozoans have no cell wall protozoans can either be free living or parasitic in nature meaning they can live in the outside world without any issues mostly in the water or they can be parasitic in nature and live and infect humans protozoa range in size from slightly more than one to more than 100 micrometers they are single celled organism and have true membranebound nucleus but they do not have cell wall as mentioned protozoa obtain nutrition from absorption of small molecules or by ingestion of them from the environment they are predators praying on bacteria algae and even other protozoa species the cytoplasm is frequently divided into the inner endoplasm and thin outer ectoplasm the endoplasm contain granules which where they store their Foods the ectoplasm contains organel which are mainly responsible for movement these organel responsible for movement include pseudopods cyia or flagella it is the mode of movement of the protozoa that is used to help classify them into four groups the amoeba also known as the sarcodina the flagellates the mesora the ciliates the copora and the sporozoa the appic complexa let's focus on each of these groups and learn bit about their unique characteristics beginning with the amoeba also known as the sarcoa these guys live in fresh water sea or moist soil the movement is by pseudopodia they extend the cell membrane and allow the cytoplasm to flow into this extension and thus they're able to move in this way they capture their prey also by pseudopodia through phagocytosis engulfing things from the outside the reproduction is by binary fion and they also can form cyst an example of pathogenic amoeba is inba hyola inba histolytica is major cause of Amic dentry severe diarrhea worldwide the cysts and troides are ingested in humans from fecally contaminated food water or hands or from fecal contact during sexual practice practices the Cent troides travel to the large intestine here they can remain causing diarrhea and citis they could also be pooped out or rarely they can invade the bloodstream and travel to other organs such as the brain liver and lungs the next group of protozoan parasites are the flagellates the mtig goora as the name suggests they have fella that help them with movement their body is covered by something called cuticle or pellicle they are oval in shape and reproduction is Again by binary Vision some examples of pathogenic flatulates include tripos Giardia Lish Mania and tronus trosa Cru is transmitted by triatomine bugs and causes chagas's disease condition characterized by heart and gastrointestinal lesions in chronic phase of this disease Giardia lamblia causes giardiasis the cysts of giardia lamblia are ingested from contaminated water food or fomite and travel in the small intestines where they become troides at this stage they attach to the small intestine and cause watery diarrhea Lish Mania transmitted by sandflies can cause leishmaniasis clinical manifestations range from self-limiting skin ulcers known as Oriental sores to highly lethal infection of the reticular endothelium system termed kala AAR tronus is very common cause of sexual transmitted infections specifically through from tronus vaginalis and there's separate video on this the third group of Proto and parasite are the ciliates the copora they derive their name from the Latin word for eyelash which describes the appearance of many ciliates quite well some or all the surface of the ciliate is covered with relatively short dense hair-like structures the cyia which beat to propel the ciliate through the water and or to draw in food particles they are aquatic they are abundant in almost every environment with liquid water the ocean marine sediments lakes ponds rivers examples of pathogenic Cate is balantidium coli it is the only ciliate known to be capable of infecting humans it is often associated with swine the pig as the primary Reservoir host the cyst of balantidium coli are ingested through contaminated food and water they become troides and colonize the large intestine they replicate through binary Vision they can cause acute or chronic abdom pain or symptoms Complicated by diarrhea or dentry finally the fourth group are the sporozoa the AP complexa these guys don't have any specialized organel for Locomotion they are nonmotile protozoa examples include plasmodium which is the cause of malaria and requires the anopolis mosquito for transmission Toxoplasma gondi is non-motile sporozoan that is carried by cats it has serious effect in imuno compromised people and can cause congenital defects cryptos spum and micros spum causes chronic diarrhea also in imuno compromised people so in summary protozoan are type of unicellular ukar which are known to be one of the first living animals in the world they are eukariotic because they have true membranebound nucleus however they have no cell wall they're classified into groups based on how they move these are four groups the amoeba flagellate ciliates and the sporozoa which are actually non-motile thank you for watching