S 3 GEOGRAPHY LESSON NATURAL VEGETATION

we officially do start our lesson that's the geography lesson. So members during our term we can get someone to give us maybe sharing how taken term was before we do officially start our lesson and maybe brief brief story about the academic mostly the academic story maybe you can tell us that the geography was somehow confusing us in this topic and the other topic before do introduce new topic to you so can just Maybe see by show of hands we get brief sharing from us. Anyone with brief sharing? Anyone with brief sharing? You can give us the the weaknesses that maybe you encountered with as term two was taking place. Okay, I'm receiving one person here. Arazzi ara network. Can you talk to us? Yes, good afternoon sir. Good afternoon too. sir like you know in the geography paper we have those main things which come on physical geography like grid grid reference distance direction and bearing so want to discuss on the climate issue now usually our teacher gave us some climate work but don't get it how many climate zones do we have in east Africa and like the types of climate problems faced in that area make and making relationships now these four things like describing the relief making relationships and problems faced in an area and the the climate issu the climate thing now like which type of climate tropical equatorial and stuff like that because we have like full you have like full task of the climate issue but don't know where to get that exact information regarding the climate work. All right. Thank you so so so much Raz for the concern. do think I'm spelling your name clearly right? Yeah. Yeah, it's fine. All right. Thank you so much. do think that one has been noted down. concerns about climate. In fact, that is topic that we are going to cover in the year three term three topic of climate and vegetation of Africa. Allow me start from there because my interest was to receive one person and definitely the one that has taken chance was Arashu. So allow me briefly start our lesson and definitely since she has talked about climate and vegetation, let me briefly introduce climate and vegetation. Climate and vegetation. Okay, that is our main topic, the climate and vegetation of Africa. before do give my introduction about climate and vegetation do need to first know from you what do you understand by climate only the time the term climate let's first leave vegetation alone just climate we can give let us put up our hands by let's put up just the term climate only we briefly talk about climate. What do you understand by climate? Uh-huh. All right. do know that all of us have do or have already covered about something like climate. It can be in the primary. Then from primary as well as in senior one we have topic as climate and weather. Then when we join senior two again start about climate. When you go to senior three we as well have the topic as the climate and the vegetation of Africa. So we need to briefly be knowing all of such things what climate is and also the instruments. Okay. Someone is describing it very well in the messages that is Marisa who is saying that may not go more to read the messages. But Marisa is giving us definition that climate is the average weather condition of press studied and recorded for long period of time. So when we talk about climate, thank you so much Marisa. We can give her some handcuffs. We can hands for her. She has done great job. so when we talk about climate that is it the average weather condition of our press studed and recorded for long period of time. So when we talk about climate we observe it for long period not just it has rained today then you say hey the climate today this side it is it is like this. So that one becomes weather. We need to differentiate between climate and weather. Uhhuh. Then climate goes hand in hand with what we call veation. It goes hand inh hand with vegetation. Whenever there is specific type of climate in certain area, we must find that there is specific type of vegetation in an area. It's reason as why the way we can get the different climatic zones in Africa as have projected. do think all all of us are think what I've projected. Let me see by show of hands. or who is seeing what I'm projecting by shows let me see okay very good if can see two three members thing what I'm projecting that means all of us can do see what have projected thank you Joshua Mariam and me don't know your name you stay having me. So expect that all of us to to to to have covered something little or have be having prior knowledge about the climate of either East Africa or Africa or the climate which is just in our country Uganda. Okay. So we having the different climate kones as you you think the the map of Africa which I've just projected we can check that we having what we call the desert the the the semi- desert the intrazonal the open woodland the savana the semi desert mixed evergreen we're having the highland evergreen or all those ones but mainly my interest Today want this one of us that was Aras talked about that we can talk about climate and that is what will bring up or we shall talk about in the next lesson but this time around want us to talk about vegetation. As we are talking about vegetation we must now borrow knowledge and make more research about climate. So as the other next term or in the next lesson that we meet we must be having more more more or wide knowledge about climate and in the next lesson we shall have debate that's debate between boys and girls talking about climate will give you the motion by the end of this lesson please try to to to remind me try to remind me as I'm to have that you try to remind me to make sure that give you the the motion. So we we have seen that climate someone is saying still can't see that is from senior Allah please you people who are misbehaving with our bodies can you please stop can we stop please Okay. So the the the map that I'm projecting now it is giving us the different climate and also the vegetation zones that we do have in east Africa. Okay. before do put up another slide want us to talk about vegetation of Africa. Then someone at least to give us definition of veation. At least veation. Just vegetation. By show of hands. Vegetation. Vegetation. Okay. Alinda Din. I'm think Alinda Dinany saves Alinda Din can tell us. Vectation is the plant cover of an area. The the plant cover of an area. Thank you so much Arinda Duffin for the very big and very good trial. Let me also have Sasha. Sasha Sasha Sasha also to give us another trial. Yes, Sasha. education is the is the first to plant trees and other forms of plants life in partial area or ecosystem. The pardon refers to plants or tree covers and other forms of plant life in particular area or ecosystem. Thank you so much Sasha. love that. Okay. So we have seen the two definitions that is from Sasha and also Arinda and both the definitions are very right. So okay. So whenever we are given papers do do think that all of us have encountered with this type of question especially on photograph interpretation because what we are studying now it mostly comes under the compulsory questions that is map work and photograph interpretation. So when we are given the photograph interpretation, they tell you to draw the photograph then indicate the different vegetation types. The different vegetation types. So would like that one of us to guide us who can give us at least two or three vegetation types. If you asked what are the vegetation types, what can you just give me the examples of vegetation types? So whenever you given photograph and you asked to indicate the vegetation types by hands. Uhhuh. I'm having Maria. Maria. Maria and Maria. Yes sir. Good afternoon too. Yes. So we have the types of vegetation. We have vegetation. Yes. We have savannah vegetation. Yes. We have mountain vegetation. Good. We have Mediterranean vegetation. Mediterranean vegetation. That's right. We have temperate vegetation. We have semi- desert and desert vegetation. And desert vegetation. All right. You have given them all all all of which didn't expect that you can even give them all. Thank you so much Maria. Thank you so much for the best best and right answers that we are having the savannah vegetation, equatorial vegetation, we are having what we call montine vegetation, we are having and so on that she has mentioned. Uhhuh. Okay. So another question comes like this that want you to to to to give me the the the How can say it? Okay, you can give me the examples of plants in the vegetation types. So what what I'm projecting now is definition of of of vegetation plus the major plant communities in Africa. And we are having that vegetation is community of plants that cover an area and give it distinctive character. So when we say that it gives it distinctive character that's why we are getting different types of vegetation different types we shall have if it is savannah vegetation it will be covered by different or community of plants of which they are specific in their own way. When we come to tropical or the so-called equatorial vegetation, we you will find that their plants are also different as well as the mountain type of vegetation. So we are saying that plant communities in Africa include the schlubs, tree herbs, scrubs, the grasses, woodlands. So we find all those different planty communities. You can find certain type of communic of of of vegetation just we having like shrub shrubs as types of plants full in an area or we can as well find there like like grasses or woodlands most especially we shall find the woodlands in the savana type of vegetation. So we are saying that the major plant communities in Africa we having savannah woodlands we are having tropical rainforests grasslands we have the oak woodlands dry bush savana and rangeelands semi- deserts and deserty vegetation so I'm going to project some of the some photographs that want us all to be active we identify and give the type of vegetation characterized by the type of photograph which will have projected. Okay. So we are starting with that members need to see by show of hands who can tell me the type of vegetation that I'm just projecting right now. Uhhuh. Aras had prayed for us. Allow me receive new member that is sad. has escaped. That means have to continue with okay. I've received two me and so and please do think don't know if it is with the music in the background but Okay, we are not listening. Okay, let me listen from the shall come back to you. Sorry, cannot see what you're projecting. you are not seeing what I'm projecting. Are you seeing it right now? Not yet. Okay. You have seen that. Okay. If we we are eager to listen from you but then definitely we were unable to listen. real answer. Maybe if receive you once again for another trial that is after after after balancing the gender. Hope this one is girl. Patrico is boy. can we listen from Patrico? Yes, Patrico. Yes master. Okay. Patrick, can you give us the according to how you observe and see the photograph that I've projected now, what do you think which type of vegetation do you think that one can be? Yes. Okay. Okay. Let me first explain maybe elaborate more about the different types of vegetation that we do have in Africa. as one of us listed them to us and started with what we call savana vegetation and with savana vegetation among the extics of savana vegetation we shall have there the small shiny okay the trees with small shiny leaves we shall as well find that the the trees have an umbrella shape to shield the roots from the heart or from the sun then we shall have that with savana victation that trees have long tap roots of of which we cannot observe but then we can when we are at the real ground that's when we can observe that one then with with if can talk about the mountain vegetation we shall find that with mine vegetation they are only found in in in in hilly al areas having the high altitude. So as we were observing that photograph we can see allow me project it once again for those who are not seeing it. If we can see that photograph we are think that these plants are found like in hilly al areas. If we can see the the the the the area is or the altitude of the area is hilly or is steep and that indicates that the type of vegetation that we are having now in photograph is what we call mountain vegetation and then we say that trees in these forests are conical shape. don't know if you understand what we call something which is which is in conical shape. Then we having that we shall find there the pines the sand are some of the examples examples of mountain foresty trees and these trees are evergreen. As we can observe that the different plants which we are having they are they are of different types and and again they are green. Secondly, but the main visible egg stick that we can give is that these trees are in or these plants are on hilly area making it to be mountain type of veation. So if we at all we can talk about to maybe can briefly talk about about to about the the the desert vegetation with desert vegetation members. We shall find that most desert plants are are drought or salt tolerant. They are drought resistant plants. But then that one we cannot observe it by me think of photograph only. What we can do is we shall find that plants have long tap roots. That one we may not also observe it since the roots are beneath the earthy surface or in the soil. We may not observe it directly but then we can observe the different types of plants which are in within the photograph that we are given. For example, we are saying that plants such as cactus, accashia shrubs and trees have species and thorns that okay showing the browsing animals. We shall find there the branch known as cactus. the accasha the accasha shrubs and other trees in the deserty vegetation. Secondly, you'll find the area is very dry. There is no there is little little very little greeny cover. When we come to semi test that then for it it is somehow dry but then with some green plants at least in some distance distance not like the deserty vegetation. So I'm going to project another photograph. Then we see if at all we can at least give if we can give what if at all we can be able to define or determine the type of photograph or the type of vegetation. We listed that the types of vegetation that we having. We are having the savannah vegetation, the mountain vegetation, the equatorial or the tropical whereby the trees in the tropics are very tall with badress roots the the okay those trees are very tall and again you'll find that in the forest it is there there is water so need us now to first see this type of photograph and then we determine the type of vegetation that is within. Okay. So by show of hands who can now tell me about that type of photograph the need need you to tell me the type of vegetation that we are having. Okay. Uhhuh. Let me pick among these ones. We having Okay. What's now? Good afternoon, sir. Good afternoon, too. Actually, for me, sir, would like to beg your pardon, but think most of us are lagging behind cuz actually for me, thought the problem was with me, but I'm seeing others are also complaining that they're not seeing anything. we are not seeing what I'm projecting. Yes, sir. Are you you still not seeing anything? Yes. Okay. Can you keep line? Can Can you keep online? Keep online there. Then then just fast share again. Yes sir. Are you able now to see anything? Not yet. Not yet. Not yet. Yes sir. let me reshare. didn't know. Is there many facing the same problem? So you can please remain online until Yep. up to now you're not saying anything. Let me listen from from we are unable to see your screen the whole you unable yes all of us are unable to see your screen okay so that means will set up once again thank you so simula remain until you tell me that we have seen the screen now. Yes, we can now see it. Okay. thank you so much. Our lesson had started like that. Then this was the second part showing the climate or the climate and the vegetation of Africa. Then after we were giving the definition of what vegetation is and projected it very well though most of us or all of us in fact think the issue was with me this side that vegetation is community of plants that cover an area and give it distinctive character. We also had to give the different plant communities that are found in different types of vegetation. We were listing or we listed schlubs, tree hubs, scrubs, grasses, woodlands and others. Then after that one we gave the major or sorry the different types of vegetation whereby we found that we are having what we call the savannah vegetation the tropical rainforests we are having the desert and the semi- desert mountain vegetation among others then after that's where came to be asking you you to observe the different or photographs. Then after observing the photographs, you tell me if at all you were able to describe the photograph and give me the type of vegetation. Patrick, think Patrick has concern. Patrick, any concern? Good afternoon, sir. Good afternoon. Yeah, I'm glad to also be given this opportunity. Actually, was not also see. Thank you for projected. You can explain. We shall answer to your request. Patrick. Yeah. Hey, I'm not listening. I'm like, thank you for giving me this opportunity. Also, was not seeing thought it was my own problem, but I'm seeing everyone. But now you're explaining we are now getting. Thank you. We shall answer when you bring questions. Okay. All right. Thank you so much Patrick. think that was the biggest concern that didn't know that had not shared the screen because would project them then think had not shared screen very well. Thank you so much for the concerns and again for me to know what is taking place in class cuz was thinking do class which don't expect it to be. So okay so explained about that photograph though most of us were unable to give the answers because you were not seeing the photograph automatically and we this type of give us to to okay it bring us with conclusion that this is montain type of vegetation. Reason being the plants are on hill area. Secondly, we are having specific plants which belong in montain vegetation and these plants are we are finding there the the pines the thunder and others that make it to be mountain type of vegetation. do think if at all Maria Mara if there is concern please we can also listen from you because until we stabilize. Yes Maria. Good afternoon teacher. Good afternoon too. would like to ask which vegetation this is. Okay. This is mountain type of vegetation. All right. Thank you. All right. Okay, we can we we can proceed then from there had to project another one though before that one talked about the different types of vegetation giving the the egg sticks of the different types of vegetation. So we can as well as observe this one the next we can in fact let us start from here. Okay. If we can observe this type of vegetation, if we can observe this type of vegetation, who can try by of hands give us the the the type of vegetation by me think the the the thing of the plants which are there or think the area you just describe and with me the type of vegetation. let me receive this is who trick let me receive 5. think this one is it's network problem. Yes. Yeah. Good evening sir. Sing is not question but sir just wanted to know whether okay where can we get the points you are giving us. Okay, the points I'm giving you, we shall find them down as as we proceed because we have to first study and see if at all you have some prior knowledge. Are we together? Favi. Uh-huh. Another another one is Patrick. Okay, sir. is vegetation is like savannah or semiarid. Thank you so much Mr. Patrick he's giving his point as as that it is savannah or semi. So he's not yet more sure but if we can of course he's right because savannah and semi are relatively the same but this time around we shall describe this type of vegetation as savana vegetation. Reason being we just check on the trees first of all we say that the trees have small shiny leaves though we are unable to see the leaves very well. Then again the main point is that the trees have an umbrella shape. So if we can see the trees are having the umbrella shape. Most of the trees most of the trees. Uhhuh. We can give another example that okay with the wrong tap roots that one we unable to to to do what to see it physically. So this is the type of the type of vegetation this one is known as savana veation. Okay. don't know if this one has concern that is zuli. Okay. think there is no any concern. Okay. Let me project another one. Okay. Now can we see on that one? Hope we are all able to see the type of vegetation. As we can see the land is bare first of all and though we having some few plants which are green. So who can tell me the type of vegetation now? think allow me receive Teddy Ted Teddy Ted Teddy. daddy, good afternoon to you. the network is somehow poor. Can we repeat the desert veation? How can we differentiate desert and semi- desert? Okay, thank you so much Teddy. But when talk about desert vegetation and also with semi- desert vegetation, the two types of vegetation are relatively the same. But then when we go to semi desert for it it is somehow having those green plants whereas the desert vegetation totally the area is dry when we can see on ground the area shows that for sure this area is dry but with some elements of those plants which we have said that they are drought resistant plants. Hey, hope sir De you're writing. can see you putting the pain in the mouth. So we need to compare the two now. suddenly you're putting up the any concern think there is no any concern. Okay. projected another one. So need us to compare the two. This is the first photograph. Then this is the second photograph. If we can see the second photograph, it is also having trees which are green in color but then generally the area is dry. Generally the area is dry. We can see that the area is dry. So that type of vegetation here now is known as deserty vegetation whereas the first one is known as semi deserty veation. Hope we are together. If at all there is any concern before continue allow me receive it now. this one was taken of BG6 a.m. when don't call your name you know that you didn't you not describe or register your zoom that is I'm receiving you but then it's like network okay the the biggest concern with you is network otherwise would have received you then let me maybe receive this one that is sad received you very many times sir. Yes please. Yes please. Okay, definitely I'm unable to listen from your concern. this one was taken BG6. would have received you but then do think the reason as why the microphone is failing to open on your side, it is just network issues. Then wanted us to see also on this photograph. If we can see this type of photograph, it is giving us trees. As we can observe very well, we can see that trees are tall. Secondly, trees have the battery roots and that makes it to be the equatorial vegetation because among the extics of equatorial vegetation, we shall find that the trees are very tall with range of 30 to 50 high. Then we shall also find that trees have bloody leaves. We unable to was unable to get the other photo which shows the leaves but then the leaves are blowed. Then we shall find also that they have what we call climbing plants. The plants which climb on other plants. Then the trees have battery roots. That one we can exactly observe it from the tree which was zoomed to to be seen very well. We can see the battery roots. When talk about the battery roots are these ones which are shown in the middle of the photograph or which are taking the biggest part of the photograph. They as well have the timber timber timber timber sorry hard timber though that one is not observable. Hag is still having very big con do think but Huggy also think it is the same problem with the other person of taking know can we can we is it sir yes please good Afternoon. Good afternoon, Hakim. How are you? I'm fine, sir. Which type of vegetation is that? So, this type of vegetation is known as equatorial vegetation. Thank you sir. Okay. Reason being the reason as why we are calling it equatorial vegetation among its characteristics we have said with equatorial vegetation it has what we call butress roots and we have seen the butress roots which I'm showing here. Secondly that the trees are very tall and these trees as we can observe very well they are tall with range of 30 to 50 high. So those are the main XICS that we can directly observe and we tell the different type of vegetation. Okay. So members do think this is part of or or part of the the worker that we have been talking about the different types of vegetation. We've talked of savannah vegetation or the so-called tropical continental vegetation. We have also talked about the mountain vegetation formed in highlands which projected very well. Uhhuh. Then we also talked about the equatorial vegetation which was from projecting. we as well talked about to we talked about to allow me if talk about every type of veation then projected see photograph cuz some of us were unable to see it before or to know the different type of veation. So when talk about savannah victation, this was the photograph. Hope we have seen. And then when talk about when talk about the second one is what the second one is. The second one is mountain vegetation and mountain vegetation we said that the plants are found in highlands and this is the one. Then again talked about what we call what we call the equatorial vegetation which was from projecting the one with battery roots whereby also the trees at all. again talked about what we call let me come to what we call let us firstly on desert desert desert desert desert vegetation are we having the same desert that is it then sorry yeah the same desert then the desert vegetation so we having other different types of vegetation that is the temp green forest found in highlands in the high alitudes. So there is difference between the mountain vegetation and also the temperate evergreen forest found in highlands. So the temperate evergreen forest how do we differentiate it from the mountain vegetation? You'll find that in the highlands we having their tree tall trees as well. Then we come to Mediterranean vegetation. We having the mangrove swamps and forests. We having the temperate grasslands or the high valued grasslands. And I'm having note that it should be noted that the vegetation distribution in Africa larely depend on the climate of the area. It is reason as why one of us said that we please master we should talk about the climate and also how the climate affects the different economic activities in the area or how it affects vegetation. Yes, please. heard your concern and that is the next lesson. What we must talk about. It is really question that is must to be found in any standard paper. You will not miss any topic or any question about climate and vegetation. It is why it is repeating from senior senior to senior. you will as well meet it in book four senior year 4. Okay. So want us this that map which shows the different vegetation distribution in Africa. When we can see up this side you find that we are having what we call meditani meditian vegetation. Then when we see below material vegetation we shall have the desert vegetation where we find countries like Libya where we find countries like those countries in the northern part of Africa they most of them occupy the desert vegetation then the same desert vegetationhu and savana so that is how the vegetation is distributed in Africa. Allow me again. I'll check in your messages. There was any concern. Although Okay. Pardon between desert and semi- desert. think did so among others. Among others. Okay, I've checked through your messages and don't think there is any big concern. So, we can turn back this side. So, okay. So this time around want us to look at what we call how can the vegetation of Africa or how has the vegetation of Africa been distracted or what is leading the disappearance of the vegetation that we are having. Every time and then we are hearing that forests have been or the different types of forests are are disappearing or reducing in size and even if not forests alone but other different plant communities keep on disappearing keep on disappearing. We want to see the reasons as why all those all such all such plant communities keep on disappearing. And again, how can we how can we again bring those or such different type of plants together or what are the conditions that can be put up to make sure that we conserve the different plant communities or the vegetation of Africa causes and disappearance of and decrease in natural vegetation of Africa. So by show of hands would like us to give us or one of us to give us how how or the economic activities or human activities. They can either be human activities. They can either be the physical or natural factors that bring about the disappearance of who or the decrease in the natural vegetation of Africa. So by show of hands allow me see some trials from you ladies and gentlemen need to see some trials from you ladies and gentlemen by show of hands. Okay, hopefully we shall have let me start with will balance both gender. Zuli deforestation. Deforestation. Can you please talk about it? Yes. Can we can you can you somehow talk about deforestation? How is it leading to the disappearance and decrease of natural vegetation? Okay. Okay. Thank you so much. But when we talk about deforestation members that is definitely the cutting down of trees in large numbers and we have heard of different natural forests which are cut down maybe for other factors very many forests are cut down for different factors and this is this leads to to okay someone is giving him an explanation here. This is who is is this is this is Stella saying that differentation leaders to drought thus causing global warming. Okay. Now Stella on your point the explanation mind you members whenever we are marking we are considering the three things that is the CK, CU and AP. seek meaning the conceptual knowledge then see you the understanding of someone the conceptual understanding then the application of that point. So when you talk about deforestation the cutting down of trees this leads to reduction of different plant communities when we are cutting trees in large numbers. So Stella your point is okay but then you're trying to to relate it more in terms of climate. Okay then let me get another point another trial participants let me the other time would not listen from you. think the problem was from this side for me not projecting can listen from you okay think that it's network problem there There's another one that is this is Patrick. it is network problem. We cannot listen. Okay. Yes, Patrick. Thank you for getting me. Where am It's raining. bush burning I'm like yes please activ the activity that know that can lead to that can lead to reduce in the number of vegetation in an area is like lumbering lumbering very which is massive cutting down of trees for timber thank you so much. So when we talk about lumbering as now he has given up his point the conceptual knowledge of person or of learner is now generally talking about lumbering and how is it reducing that is the cutting down of trees in large numbers. reason is getting timber and that one is an economic activity is being done by people or an economic activity which is done by people and it leads to reduction in natural vegetation. Then may now listen from Amlad? Is it Amlad or Aml? Yes. Amlad. sir, abanization. Abanization. Could you please explain abanization? How is it leading to decrease in vegetation or in natural vegetation of Africa? Yeah. Due to the expansion of cities and human activities leading to the deforestation of natural habitants leading to again again again due to the expansion of cities and human settlements leading to the destruction of natural habitants. The dispion of natural habitants. Thank you so much Amlat for the best explanation. Uhhuh. Allow me now talk about amlatis point. She's talking about what we call abanization and how does abanization affect the vegetation. We are comparing the two things members. Mind you, every time we are giving point now, we are seeing the human activity vav the vegetation how it is affecting the vegetation. For example, when you talk about point that is urbanization, we shall find that with urbanization or with the increase of population in an area, people cut down trees to expand the settlement areas and thus leading to reduction any vegetation. So you can see how how how I'm trying to relate it with the vegetation cover because our question is or our scenario is we are seeing how the human visa vitation decrease how the human activities are leading to vegetation decrease or disappearance in Africa. Okay. there is another person that is Audrey. Audrey, good afternoon sir. Good afternoon. How are you? I'm fine. So believe may lead to the decrease of maybe climate variation in an area. From me please. Yes. Climate variation. Yes. Climate variation. Climate variation or give us. So since climate may determine the vegetation cover of an area lake, we give an instance that an area receives high temperature with little rainfall which may not favor it may not favor the growth of most plants since most vegetation types depend on water for growth and there's there's limited water as well as high rate of transpiration. water transpiration due to the high temperatures which may lead to the decrease of vegetation. Thank you so much for your point Audrey. she's talking about climate variation. want us to see the extent whereby we were having the we having the vegetation in large numbers or the vegetation has been existing but then after we see vegetation disappearing and we need to see what are those factors or what if at all there are human factors or physical factors that are bringing the disappearance of that type of vegetation. And she she's giving us point of about climate variation the changes in climate that before you find that the climate was favoring that area then after the climate changed and that leads to decrease in the in in in in the vegetation. there is concern here someone is saying Okay. If the gives you permission mark do think those who are misbehaving that is if someone is trying to misbehave on the board. Okay. teacher sta is saying teacher please explain on how we should answer because there is also way of saying problem then the reason at least the evidence okay thank you so much terra for your concern think I've just seen her message so members I'm saying that whenever you're giving Patrick why are you lost I'm saying that whenever you're giving point for example one of us give gave us about to lumbering that the general cutting down of trees for timber or the increased demand for timber leads to cutting down of trees in large numbers. Now there the CK is lambling. Uhhuh. Then where will lie where will the teacher know that you understanding the point when you think that the increase demand for timber leading down to cutting down of trees the conceptual understanding then the application is how you are concluding your point leading to decrease or disappearance of natural vegetation do think I'm giving what what what sell was requesting where the CK, the CU and the AP comes flow. Let me receive gentleman this time around guess and do believe that this is gentleman Hakim. So industrialization. Industrialization. Uhhuh. They make deforestation in the in the factories. Yes, please. They lead to climate change to look cutting down trees. Maybe that's enough. Okay. Thank you so much. So is giving us industrialization her point is okay members need us now to understand this one for those who are still who are still typing about different types of schools okay St Mary school we are all from different types of schools thank you so much so please let's first listen to this point he's giving us Kim is giving us his point that industrialization when we are making that is already but Then we want to see how industrialization as an economic activity leads to decrease or disappearance of natural vegetation in Africa. Who can explain to us about Hakimaya's point about industrialization? How does it lead to decrease? because we need to see how we how or where we are going to apply the element of CKCU and the AP who can think these ones who are putting up hands I'm going to pick one of you that is Agent is is going to defend Agent that is Shalif is going to defend Hakim on his point or he's going to elaborate more Sharif master. Yes please. Good afternoon. think that industrialization may that those industries release lot of fumes. Yes please. that lead to that accumulate in the atmosphere. Hence leading to global warming and drought that can lead to change in the vegetation of an area. Okay. Releasing the fumes and root and what? Okay. Thank you so much. It is also very good explanation though you're taking another along route but it is right when we are marking then it has no problem but though we having another alternative way of how we can explain to that point who can give us another alternative way allow me receive girl this time around that isia Yes. Okay. Can you please Good afternoon. Okay. According to my understanding involves Yes, please. Yeah. It leads to vegetation in order for someone to get space for taking up industry and this can also lead to natural vegetation of natural vegetation. Thank you so much for good explanation. So members when we talking about industrialization first of all we know that most of the industries they are using wood they using wood for example when we go to tea making industries you find without electricity they as well use wood. They go in forest, cut down trees and then they use trees to produce energy maybe for steam for other things. And that one as well leads us or brings us to have what we call decrease in natural vegetation. something color. Okay. Okay. Those please those ones who are making noise, we can also make noise here in class. Now that is people who are typing over typing over typing. Okay. Then let me get more points that is from from Tash. Then from Tash will receive sim as well. Let me receive Tash Tash Tash for the first time. Good afternoon sir. good afternoon is Yes sir. Okay. Good afternoon. Good afternoon too. just wanted to supplement on the point of industrialization. Yes. by by saying that industrialization okay industrialization leads to the like cutting down of trees and like cutting down of trees in order to set up the industries and hence the the vegetation being destroyed. Thank you so much Tash. So he's also bring it in an element that due to demand for the other space where we are to sit industries we also have to cut down the vegetation in the area. So if we can see in fact his point is very fine if you can see most of the industries are located by the way in in lowland areas in swamps near swamps or near water. So they first clear off the vegetation everything then they set up such industries that means the demand for that space of industrialization leads to decrease in veggation in the explanation that he is giving we having the CK which is industrialization then the CU which is his explanation about getting the other space for setting up industries and application will be leading to the decrease in the natural vegetation. then now receive sim ma for also to give us her supplement or any other point. My point is high population growth. High population good due to increased demand for land for settlement. Due to the increasing population, it has led to the cut down of forest, draining of swamps and even reclamation of swamps that leaves land clear without any vegetation. Hence reduction in vegetation cover. Thank you so much think ma for the good point. think it doesn't need more explanation. It is having both the all the three aspects that is the the co and the application by saying that the increase population results into demand or high demand for land for settlement. Hence cutting down forests leading to reduced vegetation cover. Okay, we have discussed more than enough. Thank you so much for those ones who have been trying. Allow me give you some of the points that we have highlighted. I'm projecting some of them though we not talk about we've not talked about agriculture but please these people who are badly behaved and they are trying to distort our body please sit okay we are saying someone read for me what projected may sometimes may I'm picking one hand to to to read for me what I've projected. Definitely allow me pick sing and Charles and Charles can you please help us read what are projected right now. Okay sir. Yeah. Okay. Various activities have the distribution of natural vegetation in Africa. Over the years, man has cleared natural forests to create room for agriculture. For example, in the Kong Benson in of Ghana and the forest in Kigazi highlands in Uganda. Forests covering large areas of Ethiopian highlands. The original forest cover has thus been replaced by planting crops such as tea, puream and bananas. Okay, thank you so much Charles for very good reading saying that various activities. So okay as we have seen the context now it means that man is contributing more on the decrease of natural vegetation of Africa if at all we can see what I've projected now let me see let me project another slide we have another point that the increase in population one of us gave us that point over the years lead to more demand leads to More and more land being demanded for settlement. Low settlements have encroached have encroached on forest. True. In my explanation now we are having point as increase in population. What does it do? It leads to increase in demand for land. Land for what? for settlement leading to cutting down of forests or clearing of the vegetation. Then we having another point as government policies. need someone to explain to me. Let me first turn back someone to explain for me about what do you understand by if someone tells you how does the government policies or how do government policies also lead to to decline in the vegetation cover that is not received had not received lean lin case salami receive him also to give to give us his submission. Li key I'm trying to receive you. think it's network issue. Okay, Lin, think you you'll be received after because it's network. do think let me receive for Sy government policies. Yes. The Yes. So when when the government policies are favorable the if government policies are favorable to the vegetation there will be an increased increased rate of growth. But when the government policies are not favorable, for example, if they are planning to to clear out forests and then they to clear out forests and then they build maybe office buildings or industries, we shall not have forests growing. Therefore, this will distort the the natural growth of trees and hence it will reduce the what the the rate at which trees grow. Thank you so much si. don't think we need more explanation beyond that but maybe to give us more explanation about it. government policies members government takes bigger portion on protecting the vegetation of Africa. For example, we having the government of Uganda that declared MA or that sold madan group of companies where we are getting sugar from and like half of the forest is now down with gardens or plantations of sugar cane. So now the government policy that allowed the Madvan group of companies to take over and put up sugar plantations lead to decrease in vegetation. Sometimes the government may decide to say why we are having bigger forest here or we having something like not in in in good position let us remove it and the government has decided. So there is nothing like like someone who will maybe they have refused but if the government has decided. Okay. So we are having other points that is we have said the government process of decettating forest have also contributed to disappearance and decrease in natural vegetation. So sometimes government decided decides to reduce on the forests that we having in the country and that one reduces or makes the vegetation to disappear. Then we having tropical rain forests are rapidly being exploited to surprise the increasing demand for logs and timber for building and construction as well as furniture for make streets. When we talk about the tropical rainforests, we've seen that type of vegetation there that is known as equatorial vegetation. And we have seen that among the egg sticks of equatorial vegetation, we having that trees are tall. Trees have what we call hardwood timber. And therefore that means whenever they are to do what we call lumbering whenever they are demanding for good quality timber they will go to what we call tropical rainforests and they do what we call lumbering and that one reduces on the vegetation cover. We also talk about firewood and charcoal. People are doing what we call charcoal burning in very many areas even including to your Rio village areas which you know you find that people are doing what we call charcoal burning. We as well as use charcoal in our home as source of energy. So where do you think it is from? That is charcoal is good after cutting down trees. Most especially we can talk of or we can talk of mumbbo woodlands. teacher, can we use examples as CK? Okay. Uhhuh. I'm going to talk about it. We we I've been talking about for example mumbo woodlands in western Tanzania is being progressively replaced by secondary forest. So we know we all know that Mumba woodland was most especially it was occupied by what we call flies which were affecting more or bigger population of Tanzania and now they are cutting down those woodlands replacing it with what we call planted trees so as they can chase away that such rice and that one also leads to reduction in the natural vegetation. Uhhuh. Someone was asking that can we use an example to to give us CU I've said CK is conceptual understanding sorry conceptual knowledge what do you know about something the general knowledge that you know about thumb for example we shall introduce ourselves after the lesson will leave you with some good time to do so. Uhhuh. We can talk about general knowledge. I've said we can say you can talk about charcoal burning. That is the conceptual knowledge. But then how does charcoal burning? Cuz when you give me charcoal burning, will immediately ask you how. Then that how if you reply it very well it becomes the understanding. It means you understand how charcoal burning leads to reduction in the vegetation cover. Hope we are there we are together. Uhhuh. Let me add on points. We can talk about what we call repeated burning of grasslands. We have heard of bush burning. that is especially in pastoral communities in Sahel of West Africa people do burn the grass. So as new new new new plants or new grass can grow up for their animals that one leads to reduction in the plant cover. We have some minerals occur in areas occupied by forest. So whenever we find minerals for example we talk of the Albatine region you have seen where they are setting up industries and in that place it was occupied by different plant communities but all of them were cut down for us to put up such industries or as we can mine the minerals which we found or which was discovered in the area that was oil. Then we have pastoral communities such as the Turkana northwestern Kenya, the Masai in southern Kenya and others. They do what we call overg grazing. I'm highlighting pastoral communities visav over grazing. That means pastoral communities what do they do? They overg graze. Hence reduction in the vegetation cover. Then we have improvement in technology members. How does technology leads or result into reduction in in in vegetation cover? I'm going to ask someone or some of you that is Paul. Paul who is chilling with us. how does technology result into reduction in the vegetation cover? How does technology result into reduction in the vegetation cover or improved technology? how can maybe let me receive any one of you cuz Paul think he's unable to defend himself and if Paul you can defend yourself then please put up your hand Paul I'm not seeing you let me receive this one is called the the balance register discount as the balance can't see. Uhhuh. Can you talk to us? don't know if I've opened your microphone. think it's enable. Okay. Paulo. Paulo is available. think Paulo has come to defend himself. Paulo. Yes, please. Yes. Okay. Please. are cut down to create space for the establishment of industries that have machinery. Please are cut down to create space for establishment establishment of industries. Okay, thank you so much. The trees are cut down to to to create space for establishing the industry. Thank you so much for the selfdefense That's why we have proverb that boys are boys and in fact you're giving us good element for boys to be boys. Members in the next lesson we are going to be having debate and ad is between boys and girls. I'm going to give you the motion by the end of this lesson. So need us need girls to go and prepare, boys to come and also prepare. Then we see how we can defend ourselves with the motion. I'm giving more points about it. Okay. We have the increased accessibility to forested areas. Whenever you know that every time can go in forested area, get the trees that want. It means the trees will reduce. Then we have purposes of freshing or anti. We have heard of the Congo forests where we have what we call the ADF and people are trying to clear off the forest so as they can chase away such such and government elements or the rebels for example in Kisangani of Congo and Gala in Central Africa Republic they are cutting down trees so they can chase away the the the the the rebels also has now joined the rest. Okay. We have the climate changes. think someone had talked told us about to about to about to about what we call climate variation and that is climate changes have manifested itself in reduced rainfall and its unreability as well as frequent occurrences of drought and floods. drought which is an abnormal insufficient of water below the usual requirements. Members whenever we are having what we call insufficient or drought it leads to it leads to it leads to reduction in the forest cover. there is request this side among your messages. Your messages are very many that's why be saying that please don't over type and someone is asking you would have used the second person singular. Let me see. Okay. Some of you be having concerns then you put them in the the the the messages but because the messages are very many may not be all to read may be unable to read everything at the moment. Okay. So we having touch points then after the biggest point that we started with was about to deforestation and we say that deforestation the cutting down of trees in large numbers for very many purposes. can cut down trees to set up industries. can cut down trees for the purposes of lumbering. can cut down trees for purposes of of of of charcoal for purposes of getting land to settle. So to clarify about deforestation that is lin case I'm saying that deforestation brings it to be general Sorry for that. That deforestation makes it to be general or point that covers broad most of the points. So I'm saying that deforestation as CK now which refers to cutting down of trees in large numbers has led to reduced or decrease in the vegetation cover of Africa. Okay. Then join others. Okay. Now let's stand back in class for this final motion. Let's stand back now in class for this final motion. said you remind me before leave. So as we can we can get the topic or the motion that we shall be having. I'm going to ask this question to you. We have seen that we are having different ways or how different economic activities also as well as physical factors leading to destruction in the vegetation cover. And need us now to give or to state this one. How best can we control the vegetation or can we how can we how can we limit the activities which are which are being done and result into the decrease in the vegetation cover. need us to see those ways on how we can protect our vegetation. So by show of hands who can try for us trials. Uhhuh. Ladies, I'm think jeans. Most of them are gins apart from mother. Okay, Maria also has come. So, let me receive Martha as she was the first person among girls. Put up her and put the hand up. Ma, can you talk to us? like that government should put up strict policies against deforestation, swamp reclamation and drainage. Thank you so much. Government putting up strict policies okay against the such economic activities which result into reduction in the vegetation cover members let's behave for those ones who are doing that one that is let's see behave okay thank you so much uhhuh then let me receive If that was girl, allow me balance the gender. We go to David. David, don't know. David, can you talk to us network? David. Yeah. All right. Okay. There should be there should be awareness the government should should aware the people on the ders of like destroying the vegetation. Thank you so much creating what we call awareness in the society that there should be awareness on how on give elaborating people about the importances of having the natural vegetation and also its dangers. Thank you so much David. Let me now receive the girl. that was that is Maria. yes. Yes. Okay. By by training for strangers wens to ensure effective monitoring and supervision against encroachment. as protecting forest against misuse. think these people should clap hands for you. Can we clap hands for MA? Let's clap hands for MA members. I'm seeing Okay. Okay. Okay. Thank you so much. Thank you so much and Joshua plus Sharif. Okay. So she's giving us that think her point is very clear there is even no need we are we train more people who can protect the environment the reason as why people are encroaching on such forests and what is because maybe the security is not yet enough because as we can see we have different types of natural forests let's talk about our country Uganda you go to to Khal forests people go in and get timber and how that means the security is not yet tight. So she's emphasizing her point that we should increase on security and then we protect the natural vegetation. Uhhuh. Then there is girl then from girl got boy. Now definitely that one will be shif I'm having sharify let me receive Davis shif we had think we had talked Davis the government should set up strict laws against deforestation setting up strict laws uhhuh against deforestation that is to All all members who are found in the act should be arrested. This will reduce the rate at which trees are cut and respect for natural vegetation. Thank you so much Davis. think he is giving point which is relatively the same with the first topic with the first point that we received though for him is now giving his independent explanation. love that. strict laws against deforestation. They say whoever is caught cutting tree then there must be punishment. You arrested for over 20 years if we arrest like over 30 people then people will understand that hey cutting down trees is against the the law. have this suggestion. Yes, David David David is having suggestion. You can put it in the comment section. Then now I'm receiving lady and that is none other than Gifty Moy. think Gift Molly have received you. Can you talk to us? Yeah. Like think if individuals and some communities start using other alternative means or producing heat and light for example cooking think other alternative means for example electricity using the bio gasers think they'll help to reduce deforestation. Thank you so much Mory. Let's clap hands for her, please. Let's clap hands for her. Using having the alternative sources of energy for example, we use electricity. We use the alternative sources of energy. That's why the government is now empathizing us who are in town to use to use what we call electricity and also the gasy cookers. Well members, if you can go and check on the prices of gas gas cylinders, it is now somehow reduced and again it is more appropriate to use than putting up or firing the other stove which uses charcoal and of which we know that by using charcoal there we are destroying the vegetation cover. Thank you so much Mori for your point. allow me receive boy now this time around and this is none other than the balance I've tried to receive here don't know why think it is it is out of network that you're having think I've tried my best to receive you chance but then network in the area think then Let me receive now we having to how we can protect the vegetation. Maybe through control grazing having control grazing. Thank you so much. Explain about it. Managing livestocks. livestock numbers and movements to avoid overg grazing of grasslands. Thank you so much. having what we call Thank you so much. what we call over breathing and call control breathing discussion love your participation members it's very okay and very fine so I'm starting with the point from that is controlled grazing that in areas where livestock railing is practiced or or is being introduced. Uhhuh. That the number of animals being regulated in order to avoid over grazing of the grasslands and soil leure and this is through mainly the establishment of ranching schemes for example Konga cattle ranch in Tanzania among others. So we've heard of the of the ranching schemes. Even in Uganda, even in Tanzania, Kenya, they have what we call ranching schemes. Why are they introducing that schemes? It's because they want to reduce on the livestock or how people are using the land for to to graze their animals. Then someone talked about there is no one who gave me what's the question please. There is someone who gave me forestation and reforestation. No one gave me forestation and reforestation program. We should now implement what we call forestation and re forestation program. Since we have already destroyed the natural vegetation, now let's plant the trees. then another one is other forms or alternative forms of energy. Someone gave us that point. Let's use other forms of energy. For example, hydroelectric power, solar energy. We have what we call bio gas and biomass. Others reduce the rapid exploitation of forests in search for firewood as source of energy. Hey, you did give us chance. Okay, will. will. will. Don't mind. Okay, then we having forest encroachers are being evicted. That's why someone was giving us that we should increase on the number of people to protect our environment. Laws are being enacted in parliament every time and then you hear people talking this one in parliament. It has been point of everyday emotion being discussed in parliament that we should please protect our environment. Then we have environmental education that is creating awareness which some of you or one of you gave us sir don't forget about the motion Patrick I'm going to give it to you that in order to create awareness of the dangers we have recycling rather than disposing woodoo products. So someone saying that we should what we do what we call recycling. For example the papers members where you writing the papers we are writing on the books that we are holding we to get those books we first cut down trees and now we can recycle. Instead of getting that book and you throw it away we have them people who are selling those books the used up books they are buying them. So when they buy them they go and recycle. they produce the new papers. then settlement and resettlement schemes are being set up to transfer people from densely populated areas. We talked about high population leading to decrease in natural vegetation and now here the solution is that we can do what we call resettlement schemes. Okay. allow me first. Thank you all of you for participating in this lesson. love the introduction and everything that you have rendered only that will allow one member to give us final comment then give what we call motion and conclusion. final comment on on on the topic or on the lesson and the one who prayed for us was leg was man think. So let me receive comment from someone from definitely girl now. let me receive faith. Uhhuh. You can comment on the lesson. Faith, faith, faith, faith. think face is network problem. This one will first tell us her name. me I've received this one. Okay. So let me receive my gifty now. Faith has turned on the microphone. Faith, good afternoon sir. Good afternoon. What can speak about this lesson is that you have you have tried to explain the the points about the effects of vegetation but have failed to have failed to understand the the one about increased accessibility. increased accessibility. All right. Uhhuh. finalized think that is her comment. finalized the lesson was good but then she has failed to understand some that is increased accessibility. say that increased accessibility when we having the increased accessibility to the forested areas. It means whenever you feel like you can pass via the forest, you can easily cut down tree. For example, when you see ma forest as you're going to ginger, they don't allow you to trespass through that forest. It is law against it and the reason is is open because as you trespassing first of all you're killing some of the plants which are growing up. Secondly, that's why we shall have very many people cutting down trees illegally or minus any any permission. Uhhuh. So to give the motion to give the motion I'm going to write it in the comments here motion and motion is about the climate. That's okay. I'm going to give the motion in group please. We are all in group for senior 3B. That's where I'm going to put the motion in. don't want to go past time. will now receive some request for scenario to test us. Thank you so much. I'm going also to give scenario and also and also and also topic that we shall do have. I'm going to open the group that is group I'm going to open it for at 7. So as all we can do participate in it or give the answers about the scenario which will have projected for you in the in the group. let me get closing prayer from from from Mark. closing prayer. let's ourselves and pray. Dear loving father, we thank you for today. We thank you for the lesson. We thank you that you have understood whatever the teachers taught. And for those who have not understood, we pray that next time better they they understand. And we thank you for the gift of teachers you have given us and this opportunity to study. In Jesus's name I've prayed. Amen. Amen. Thank you so much Mark. wish you the best and remain Mr. Elisha geography lesson. We miss we meet in the next lesson. That's next week.