Future Active Participles

Participles, the adjective form of the verb, are very important in Latin. Very important. So in English, we love our subordinate clauses, but Latin loves its participles. So this makes learning about participles rough for an English speaker. Sometimes it's bit of complex grammar and not something that's easily relatable. I'm going to talk about the future active participle. How Latin forms it from verbs and how it is used. First off, participles are verbal adjectives. So, what does this mean? Well, most importantly, it means that participles are adjectives first and foremost. And so, because of this, participles always describe nouns. So participle will have the same case number and gender as the noun it describes but it has the verbal component and that's because participles originate from verbs. So in this example pam laaturus est the teacher is going to praise the girl. The word laudus is our participle. It comes from the verb to praise but it's really acting as an adjective describing the teacher. Okay. So to form the future active participle, we always look at verb's fourth principal part. Yeah. Okay. So verbs have principal parts that we use to make all forms of the verb. So learn more from my principal part video here. Not all verbs have four principal parts, but when one does, that one is the perfect passive participle. And sometimes this fourth part is listed ending in an which means it's the accusative supine. just change the ending to an us and you get the perfect passive participle when it exists. So to form the future active participle, we take this perfect passive one and throw in ur before the us ending. So laudus praised becomes laudatur going to praise. And yes, this ur is the same ur that's at the end of the word future. In Latin, futurus is the future active participle of some essay. Literally, it means going to be. Yes, the future is going to be. That's also an easy way to remember that the future active participle has you are at the end. The us ending shows that the future active participle is first and second declenion adjective. This means that it has endings from the first and second decclenion. So, here's the masculine singular. These are the second declenion endings. The feminine singular, the first declenion endings and the neuter singular again with the second declenion neuter endings. The plural of course uses plural first and second decclenion. The future active participle very rarely is used as standard adjective except in late Latin and in poetry and except for the participles futuros and wenus. So in the Aniid as Anias gazes down upon the city of Carthage, Virgil writes that he sees columns in theater, the Futuris decor ala skynes. Don't worry about the word order. Futuris describes Skynise. This is the soaring decorations for the stage that's going to be. We could easily translate futuris's future, but that's really substitute for going to be. In book two of the inied, Virgil has the cunning Son talk about prophecy among the Greeks with they silently saw the things going to come or what was coming. More frequently though, you'll find the future active participle in an active paraphrastic. paraphrasic literally is way of speaking around something using more words than you need to. And paraphrasics in Latin involve participle and form of sum essa. The active paraphrastic has the future active participle. You can probably guess that the passive paraphrasic involves the future passive participle the derive but that's subject for another video. you saw an active paraphrastic at the beginning of this video laurus est. The teacher is going to praise the girl. So that's literal and actually pretty good standard translation of this sentence is going to praise estur the city is going to fall. Monsurus was going to stay. In many ways the active paraphrastic is roundabout way of illustrating the future tense. The active paraphrasic gives us lot of flexibility in tenses though. So check out how we can vary the tense of sum and what its resulting translation and time period is. Mansur sum am going to stay shows essentially future action. Mansuram was going to stay shows an intended action in the past and practically kind of the future of the past. You know we can't do this with standard tense conjugation. There's no future of the past in Latin. Monsurus arrow will be going to stay shows an intended action in the future almost like the future of the future. And the same thing as with the previous one there is no future of the future in Latin. And so we can go on and on with other tenses. This ability to show future action without the future tense is really useful when you're operating in the subjunctive mood. So there is no future subjunctive and it's really hard to isolate future action with subjunctive verb. So often Latin will just use the present subjunctive for this. But the active paraphrasic lets us do just that. So look, wanted to know quid facus ss what you were going to do. want to know what you are going to do. the expression of the future when there is no future. So those are future active participles. quick review. Participles in general are verbal adjectives. They come from verbs but in truth describe nouns. So they are really adjectives. The future active participle shows an action that is pretty likely to or about to happen. And the noun described by the participle is doing the action. And we find future active participles by looking at the fourth principal part of verb and adding you are before the us ending. And this you are ending is the same you are that's in the word future. We translate future active participles in English with going to or an about to followed by the meaning of the verb. And finally the future active participle will sometimes be used in an active paraphrasic. So with form of sum to be like am going to praise you. And this is equivalent to the future tense. And it's useful in many different situations where future tense verb is impossible.