Mubtada Khabar Basic Nominal Sentence Structure in Arabic

hello everybody and welcome to Arabic with Amina today we are going to be learning about sentence structure specifically speaking the nominal sentence the sentence in Arabic or al-jumla in Arabic there are two types of sentences there is nominal sentence which is and there's verbal sentence known as in today's lesson we are going to be covering the nominal sentence or yumla ismia so our nominal sentence is one that starts with noun or pronoun it will never start with verb if it started with verb it'd be dumna ferlia or verbal sentence the nominal sentence consists of two parts which is the subject or topic of the sentence and the khabar or predicate this is the comment on the subject so let's get to understand the muktada or subject little more is the subject of the sentence it's the topic of our speech and it is usually the first word of the nominal sentence must be definite whether this be proper noun such as names or cities for example Amina is reading Amina would be the muktada or topic of our sentence or subject or definite noun definite noun is one that is defined by the or by other ways which are covered in total different lesson for example the tree is green or it can be pronoun for example am student the topic and subject of the student is now the second component of nominal sentence is the khabar or predicate the khabar is literally translated in from Arabic to English to mean the news or information and this is because it tells us something about the subject the khabar can be an ism which is noun or an adjective or it can be sentence whether this be nominal sentence or verbal sentence or it can be quasi phrase which is semi-sentence we'll explain each type in the upcoming examples our first example is sentence which means the tree is plant first off we can identify that this is nominal sentence because it starts with noun the tree now to dissect the sentence and identify the subject and the predicate or khabar so right now we are talking about the tree or shajara so this is the subject of our speech or the topic of our sentence and hence this is the muktada notice how it is noun defined by the so it is definite noun so what about the tree what are we trying to say well we are telling people that the tree is plant nabta so is plant is our comment on the subject or the khabar this type of khabar is isim since plant is noun now something important to note is that the literal translation of the sentence from Arabic to English is the tree plant that is because in Arabic the words is are am also known as the verb to be don't exist neither do the Articles or so there are no equivalents to these words in Arabic so they just don't exist in the sentence our next example is the sentence the column which means this is pen the thing we are talking about in this sentence is this or Hada which makes it or subject this is demonstrative pronoun to complete the sentence we need comment on this to fulfill the meaning so is pen or Kalam is the predicate or khabar since it provides us with information about the word this this is pen and this type of khabar is noun the house is big we are talking about the house so this is the muktada and it is definite noun and we are commenting on the house by saying it is big or Kabir so this is khabar and this type of khabar is an adjective which is known in Arabic as ism something worth noticing is that the subject or muktada of the sentence must be definite but the predicate does not have to be definite if the predicate were to follow the subject indefiniteness the meaning of the sentence would change talk more about this in my lesson regarding how to make noun definite Muhammad is in school can you guess what the mufted or subject of the sentences we are talking about Muhammad so this is the muktada and we are informing The Listener that he is in school fulmed Rosa so this part of the sentence would be the khabar this type of khabar is quasi phrase which is semi-sentence since it starts with preposition if you're not familiar with prepositions check out my video on that next up is the doctors treat the patients who are we talking about in this sentence we're talking about the doctors so this is our muktada and what are we saying about them what do doctors do well they treat patients so this is verbal sentence foreign it starts with verb has subject and object and talk more about verbal sentence in its own video however the entire sentence the doctors treat the patients is nominal sentence because it starts with noun the giraffe's neck is long you can probably already guess by now what the subject of our sentence is or the giraffe and our comment on the giraffe is that its neck is long so that would be our now this type of khabar is nominal sentence so how can this nominal sentence have khabar that is also nominal sentence you ask well let's say we remove the muktada or the subject azarafa now we're left with which means it's or her neck is long since giraffe is feminine word we are using the pronoun her there's no it in Arabic now if we were to assume that we know what her refers to this is complete sentence and the word neck is definite noun because it's added to pronoun so her neck or Rocco beta becomes the mukteda or subject so you can see that this is complete sentence in itself and when we say the giraffe's neck is long is also complete sentence so it's like having two sentences within one and with that we come to the end of our lesson hope this lesson has helped you gain better understanding of phenomenal sentences in Arabic if you have any questions or comments feel free to leave them below see you next time Arabic with Amina