States of Matter Solid Liquid Gas

hi friends do you know what just did just took in the three states of matter solid liquid and air gas so are you ready to explore the three states of matter with me and then we'll finish off with our top three questions on this topic I'm sure you're familiar with the three states of matter solid liquid and gas when we look at something our brain automatically knows is it solid liquid or gas in this video we are going to compare these three states of matter in more scientific way so we'll compare them based on these four properties shape and volume compressibility rigid of fluid and do they fill their container completely after that we'll take deeper look into solids liquids and gases and compare them at particle level let's start with solids two solids have fixed shape yes as you can see here they have fixed shape this is cuboid this is cube this is sphere and my watch has irregular shape so for solids the shape does not change now do solids have fixed volume again the answer is yes because the space that the solids occupy does not change the volume is fixed and we can calculate that volume for example the volume of cuboid is length into breadth into height the volume of cube is cube the volume of sphere is 4 by 3 pi cubed now how do you calculate the volume of my watch which has irregular shape that's right by Archimedes liquid displacement technique if dip this watch in water then the volume of the watch is the volume of the water it displaces actually have video on Archimedes liquid displacement technique so do check it out now let me pull out my watch before it stops working let's look at the compressibility of solids usually solids are difficult to compress for example can't compress the things on the table here so if try to take this Cube and try to press it can't compress this Cube here there are some exceptions like sponge we'll talk about that towards the end of the video are solids rigid or fluid that's right the correct answer is rigid because they have fixed shape fluids are things that can flow now do solids fill their container completely for example if try to put this ball in this container here does it fill the container completely the answer is no let's add the properties of solids to our concept board now let's take look at liquids liquids have fixed volume but no fix shape I'm going to prove these two points to you with one single experiment here for the experiment have taken water in this Beaker and as you can see there is 100 mL of water here now I'm going to transfer this water into this container this one and this one and you carefully take look what is the change in volume and shape of the liquid so are you ready let's start now I'm going to transfer the water from this Beaker into this bottle here and then I'll transfer it to the glass here now let's transfer it to the measuring cylinder so what is the final volume here as you can see it's 100 ml and that's exactly the original volume so what's the conclusion from our experiment liquids have fixed volume it was 100 ml all the way through but they don't have fixed shape as you saw in the experiment the liquid takes the shape of the container it is put in let's talk about the compressibility of liquids if you take plastic bottle like this containing water if try to crush this bottle it looks like can compress the water so our liquids compressible the answer is no when I'm crushing it am really compressing the water no I'm compressing the air inside the bottle now if we fill this bottle completely with water need to be Superman to be able to crush this bottle so liquids are almost incompressible just like solids are liquids rigid or fluid that's right the correct answer is fluid the word fluid means it can flow easily as you can see water can flow easily so liquids are fluids do liquids fill their container completely the answers no as you can see in the glass and the bottle the water only occupies its own volume the rest of the container is air so liquids do not fill their container completely let's place the properties of liquids on our concept board now let's take look at the third state of matter gases gases have neither fixed shape not fixed volume just like liquids gases take the shape of the container that they are in one difference is the container needs to be closed now liquids have fixed volume but gases don't even have fixed volume the volume of the gas is the volume of the container so for example if transfer this gas into larger container it will fill that container completely or if we apply some pressure and try to fit it into smaller container then the volume of the gas will be the volume of the smaller container that brings us to the next point compressibility gases are highly compressible for example can easily squeeze this balloon or can easily crush the air in this bottle gases are usually stored under high pressure since they are highly compressible that way we can fit more of the gas in small container for example compressed natural gas is stored in cylinders at high pressure just like liquids gases are also fluids they can flow for example if open this bottle can you see the air flowing out of course you can't because air is colorless but let's say it was colored gas then you would easily see it flowing out of the bottle in fact the term fluid is collectively used for liquids and gases as we discussed before gases are greedy they want to fill up the container completely for example if this bottle contained gas and transferred it to larger container then the gas would fill up the larger container completely another example is when you open perfume bottle in room the smell spreads to the entire room so here the room is like container to the perfume gas so gases fill their container completely now let's pin the properties of gases to our concept board we have discussed the difference in properties between solids liquids and gases but what makes something solid liquid or gas for example if you take water it can exist in all three forms eyes water and water vapor now it's the same substance water so how can it exist as solid and liquid and sometimes gas to answer this question we need to zoom into matter and take closer look as you may already know all matter whether solid liquid or gas is made up of tiny tiny particles for example ice water and water vapor are all made up of the same tiny particles that is the water molecules now let's compare the three states of matter at particle level based on these three points the distance between the particles the force of attraction between the particles and the amount of movement or the kinetic energy of the particles to get visual feel of things would like you to hold up your hands like this and imagine the tips of your fingers as particles so are you ready so this is what solid would look like that particles are tightly packed the distance between the particles is very small the force of attraction between the particles is very strong so you have to apply huge Force if you want to change the shape of the solid even in solid the particles are moving vibrating about their mean positions but their movement is less kinetic energy of the particles is small now this is what liquid would look like the particles are more Loosely packed the distance between the particles is bigger the force of attraction between particles is weaker in liquid the particles have more motion as compared to solid so the kinetic energy of particles is larger and now this is gas the particles are very Loosely packed the distance between the particles is very large force of attraction between particles is very weak in gas the particles are moving lot they are going crazy the kinetic energy of the particles is maximum let's add the differences between solids liquids and gases based on particles on our concept board now that we are done with the three states of matter are you ready for the top three questions on this topic coming up for you right now as we discussed solids are incompressible but if you consider sponge as you can see we can easily compress it so question one is the sponge is solid then why is it compressible let me give you hint the sponges holes in it so what are you really compressing now let's look at question two I'm going to pour the sugar in this Beaker into the glass here can you see the sugar flowing like water and the sugar is taking the shape of the glass so is sugar solid or liquid the three states of matter that we've seen in this video are solid liquid and gas do you know that there are two more states of matter so question three is going to be what are the other two states of matter can we make this more interactive than just watching the video so do post your answers to the questions or if you have any doubts in the comments below and promise to reply to all your comments promptly hope the three states of matter are crystal clear to you now so remember this is solid this is liquid and this is gas and here's the like button which I'd like you to hit right now also do remember to subscribe to my YouTube channel and you can follow my Facebook page thanks for watching