The Scientific Method Explained Steps Terms Techniques and Experiments Practicals

welcome to biology made easy in today's lesson we will look at the scientific method the scientific method is the method that all scientists use and biologists also use the scientific method thank you so today the scientific method the scientific method therefore we can Define as systematic Dependable lasting method of collecting information and forming ideas based on fats now Science is based on fats and these fats are obtained through the senses yes the senses we have sense of seeing hearing smelling touching and testing and then also the fats are also guarded by using equipments which are extension of the senses like microscopes thermometers and various electronic sensors and proofs good biology as science also use the scientific method so therefore let us look at the steps of the scientific method first observation to identify problems two hypothesis or aim three experimentation or investigation then for those of experiments five discussion of results then we have six conclusions or inference and then we kept reporting that's reports or publish the findings these are the various steps of the scientific method now let's try to quickly explain what each step means observation is looking at the environment you know as you watch the environment you come to know there are certain things that seem to be problem that you want to investigate So You observe critically anytime you are very critically you find something problem and then we look at hypothesis hypothesis is possible answer to the problem so it's like guess answer to the problem you found you find problem of animals eating your plants and you give your guess answer that it's it might be snails which are nocturnal so that's is the hypothesis and hypothesis is what is tested in this experiment now let's find out about the experiment the experiment is setup to test the hypothesis whether the hypothesis is true or false that is the experiment what happens during experimentation during the experimentation the following are done one plants you plan and assemble equipment and materials then you set up tests and control experiments what is test experiment the test experiment is the variable being investigated will understand what it means soon the variable being investigated is the test experiment then the control experiment is the standard or the non-variable with which you compare the variable in the experiment so test experiments is the variable something that you don't know and you have to vary want to find out what animals are eating these plants said they are snails they they suspect their snails that's hypothesis how do you find out so you are going to look at the time and go through the farm and look at what is causing that meanwhile you have another area of the farm where animals are not eating the plants and that place is the control you are going to see what animals are in that place that's that is the standard you are comparing with the test experiment okay then under the experiment You observe to take down records so observations are made and raw data is collected you collect you measure you write what is happening that's the raw data the data is analyzed statistically with graphs charts Maps Etc let's look at what we call analyze data we have raw data of the height of boys and blood groups that's raw data now when we analyze the data we can look at the percentage of the Heights and you see that the analyze data easily shows that 25 of the boys are between the heights of 160 to 165 centimeters all right so that the analyze data shows it clearly the raw data doesn't show it the analyze data of their blood groups show that 40 percent of the boys are in the blood group So analyze data makes it easy to interprets the results so that is analyze data now after they analyze data the results are written out and the results of the experiment are the written out observations and the analyzed data now after the results are written we get on to discussion of results in the discussion of results the results you obtain in this particular experiment is compared with results of other experiments similar experiments that people have done that is saw Boys in this class the highest percentage are within this Ridge all other people did the same experiment and saw that all boys in class six where your experiment was done have this kind of height the maximum the highest is boys between the so you didn't discussion you compare your results with other results then you have conclusions in the conclusion or inference you state whether the hypothesis is true and should be accepted or the hypothesis you made is false and should be rejected good let's look at example using real experiment now before you set up an experiment you should plan Plan before setting up experiment and there are key things to look out for planning one consider the location where are you setting up the experiment is it in the lab or in the field all right if it's in the lab which area of the lab inside outside if it's in the field which area you also have to plan considering the period or time of the experiment is it day or night or season rain season or where or winter or what season so the period of the experiment and then you have to consider before the plan before the type of equipment and material to use as control and test experiments and what to do just before the experiment is to plan to set up model of your experiment set up middle or sketch the plan of your experiment on paper and then prepare record sheets to record your measurements now we are going to use the experiment student's date to look at these facts that we have discussed let's look at the students problem the students investigation school started seven three types of Milkshakes for breakfast student who is allergic to use or fermented corn felt sick repeatedly each time after drinking the milkshakes the students suspected that the milkshakes have juice of fermented corn and it's the student set up an experiment good so the students had some milkshakes served in their La in the in in the school three type of Milkshakes which we have labeled and and the student found out that anytime he had milkshakes the students got sick so the student decided to find out what is it in this milkshake that Milkshakes that makes me feel sick because the students knew that any time he has the juice of fermented corn he feels sick so he thought that there's some juice of fermented corn in one or all the milksheets so please note any wrong steps or facts the students will go through and at the end we will discuss so write down the observation of the students became sick after taking milkshakes hypothesis this is the hypothesis the student stated it's likely that one or all the milkshakes contain juice of fermented corn yes so the student planned the experiment as sketch he sketched it instead of building model so the sketch the students sketched out these are the three milkshakes so this is milkshake milkshake Moshi these are the milkshakes and then decided that you have test tube rug and puts test tube rug and fix test tubes in it and then so this was plan so some milkshakes in this one A1 that's milkshake one One one and this is the control and these are the milkshakes so the student had this plan and the students listed all the equipments and the materials he will need yes so the student has his plan of the milkshakes raw mixes milkshakes and this and then and these test tubes and he had his measuring cylinders and other glassware listed as we have listed them then the student decided to do preliminary experiment to find out which substance he can use for his control experiment and the student decided that Jews of fermented corn that he is allergic to has touch in it so he can either use Touch as the control experiment or the fermented Jews so he decided that well let me test if there's really starch in this fermented juice yes so the student did this preliminary test to find out whether there's such in the corn juice whether he should use the conduits as control experiment or such itself so put five ml of touch in here put some three drops of iodine solution and you know iodine solution is brown in color and turns blue black in the presence of starch so the starch solution of course show the starch and the juice of the Corn also showed that it has touch so the control experiment has fermented corn juice and so the students put five meals of the Corn juice to five meals into eggs good yes so the student measured five meals of each of the milkshakes into the test tube five ml of each of the milkshakes so five meals in five meals in one that's A1 is spare five meals in one and five meals in and C1 all right then tested for starch in each of these so three drops of iodine solution iodine solution is brown in color so three drops of iodine solution went into each of the test experiments look at the control experiment iodine solution 10 blue black then we have milkshake they are the iodine solution remains Brown color of the Irene solution remained the outing color of the iodine solution remained it's still Brown will shade milkshakes B1 the iodine solution remains Brown and milkshakes the iodine solution remain became blue black so therefore there's touch and milkshake see let's look at how the students set up to write the results and the conclusions milkshake remain brown with iodine solution which indicates that there is no starch in milkshake milkshake remain brown with iodine solution which indicates there's no starch and milkshake milkshakes 10 from brown to blue black when iodine solution was added indicates that there is touch in milkshake then the students went on to say that there is juice of fermented corn in milkshake because the iodine solution turned from brown to blue black in milkshake then in the discussion of the results the students wrote iodine solution turns brown to blue black in the presence of starch disagreed with what happened in the starch in the juice of the fermented corn in milkshake so therefore conclusion milkshake see contain juice or fermented corn now questions write down the good procedures of the students two write down wrong facts the students stated and suggest how the fats can be corrected thank you thank you this is the end of today's experiment we tried to sort out the scientific method that's the method or the way scientists work we discuss the scientific method and we discussed an experiment as students made the procedures the student made his hypothesis and how the hypothesis was tested in the experiment because hypothesis is the guess answer and is tested in the experiment he wrote out his conclusions and what do we expect to have in our next lesson in our last lesson we are looking at something very different we are going to look at diversity of organisms and we are going to look at the cells as prokaryotic cells eukaryotic cells and look at coyotes viruses in our next lesson so till we get together again in our next lesson thank you and goodbye