Kaana and its sisters for every student of Arabic كان واخواتها

Today inshallah we're going to learn very important topic in Arabic grammar which is meaning and its sisters. All of these enter upon nominal sentence. They make the subject nominative and it is then called their noun yi ism. and they make the predicate accusative and it's then called their is family of 13 verbs which are And these verbs are also called deficient verbs in Arabic because their meaning is not complete with their nominative which is their isim and they require an accusative which is their moreover they're also called abrogating verbs in Arabic. because they enter upon nominal sentence and abrogate it. Let's understand them one by one. Starting with which is made from the root letters. It has wow as middle radical. So it is ali which we have learned already. Alhamdulillah. it is from. So these root letters on this pattern give us and after applying the rules of alw we get now let's understand the construction which is same for all of the verbs in this family. Let's take simple nominal sentence meaning is righteous in which is and is now when enters upon this sentence it becomes now it is not nominal sentence anymore because Ka has abrogated it. Same is done by its sisters. So is meaning an abrogating deficient verb is and is and the meaning of the sentence is righteous. Now let's have look at its quickly and abrogating past built on the nominative noun and the sign of its nominative case is the visible. It is noun of An accusative noun and the sign of accusative case is the visible it is of. So means was righteous. Likewise for feminine we say meaning zab was doctor. Now to negate kana it is negated just as we negate verbal sentence. For its past verb we use ma as in meaning was not righteous and it's imperfect by as in is not being righteous. Now when you have cana with permanent attributes for example Allah meaning Allah is all forgiving here which is one of the names of Allahawel indicates the permanent attribute of forgiveness. So when cana enters upon it it becomes so can we say Allah was all forgiving? The answer is no. The attribute is permanent. Its translation will be ever is Allah all forgiving. Let's take another example. Meaning the devil to man is an enemy. When ka enters upon it, it becomes. So can we translate it as the devil to man was an enemy? No. He still is and will always be. So we say ever is devil to man and enemy. Now another interesting concept with in negative sentence. Let's have look at the following example. Here in the beginning we have which is then we have cana following it. Then after we have which is made of lamb which is and which is an attached pronoun at the genative place and is prepositional phrase at the accusative place it is of which is put forth. Then we have which is an interpreted verbal noun which we have already learned. Alhamdulillah. This is at the nominative place of it is sent back. The translation of such sentences will be it is not for us not possible for us to associate partners with Allah. Now pay attention to this example. Again we have in the beginning which is particle of negation and then after we have which is then we have where we see prefix to this lamb is known as which appears with in negative sentence and is An imperfect verb subjunctive by hidden which have explained in detail and the sign of it is subjunctive mode is the visible fud. As of this whole construction which is there are two opinions regarding this. One is that it is and another opinion is that it is both jar and are connected to an omitted of it is an adjunct of an omitted of cana. As per my opinion, the second one is more accurate. So its translation will be the believer is not such that he would lie. So what we learn from this is that the entrance of jud in this sentence negates the attribute of lying from the believer which is an absolute negation not leaving any doubt in it. So what is it? Is preposition which is attached to an imperfect verb that is preceded by the abrogating verbs in negative sentence as and its function is the confirmation and emphasis of the negation. We'll have look at an example from the Quran but before that let's learn another concept. Cana with other verbs. First within this gives us past perfect tense. For example, it means he had written. Number two with this gives us past continuous. For example, it means he was writing. And this could also mean he used to write which you will find lot in the Quran. And number three is which is imperfect of within. This gives us the meaning of might have. For example, it means he might have written. Now let's have look at an example from the Quran. Allahel says, We have two parts in this to focus on. First part in this part we see in the beginning which is negation. Then we have which is as we learned and Allah which is then we have in which lamb is and it is just as we learned moment ago is it is an imperfect verb subjective And the sign of it is subjunctive mode is the visible. And whom is it is an attached pronoun at the accusative place. It is an object. And the second part we need to focus on isu. So we have canu which is plural of cana and following it is and which is so what we learned previously is that followed by gives us past continuous. So means they were wronging or we can say they used to wrong. These are two possible translations of such constructions. and here is in which is an object that's why it is and whom is an attached pronoun we won't go into details so if say the meaning remains the same that is they were wronging themselves or they used to wrong themselves in this verse the object is brought forward so the complete Translation of this verse will be and Allah is not such that he would wrong them but they used to wrong themselves or they were wronging themselves. Alhamdulillah. Now let's move to we have learned in one of the lessons that we can negate nominal sentence using ma. For example meaning is righteous. We can negate it using ma as meaning is not righteous in which is and is. Likewise, we can negate nominal sentence using as meaning is not righteous in which is is and is there is difference between and that is for we can have hidden pronoun as inh meaning he is not righteous in Which is an abrogating past tense built on the fat. And is hidden pronoun which is estimated to be who and is an accusative noun. And the sign of its accusative case is the visible fat. It is of the conjugation of goes as follows. He is not they two are not they are not as in Allah saying they are not same or we can say all of them are not same. Then we have third person feminine. She is not. They too are not and they are not. Now for second person masculine you are not as in Allah saying meaning and those who disbelieved say you are not messenger. Now you two are not and you all are not. Now second person feminine you are not you two are not and you all are not. Now first person both masculine and feminine le to am not we too are not and we are not. Moreover, the is often attached to its for example if we have which means is not righteous. We can convey the same by prefixing it is which is and it becomes and the meaning remains same which is not righteous. Allahawel says is not Allah the most just of judges. Next is which has root letters. Yah in the middle makes it al is from on this pattern these root letters form and after applying the rules of we get these verbs indicate transformation from one state to another. For example, so is and is and the translation of this sentence is the man became rich after poverty. Next point is that can be used with the meaning of For example, allahel says and the heaven is opened and will become gateways. So can here gives the meaning of sara indicating the transformation of sky from one state to another. Next is with the root letters lamb lamb with two similar letters making it which we have learned. Alhamdulillah. It is from which gives us and after applying the rule of we get its meaning is to remain in state. For example, just like other sisters is and is and jalison is and it translation is the boy remains sitting at his place also conveys the meaning that the subject is being described by the predicate during the daytime. In that case for this sentence we can say the boy spent the day sitting at his place and we can use verb with it as well as meaning spend the day studying the Arabic language and can be used with the meaning of as well. Next is its meaning is that the subject is being described by the predicate at night. The verbs we have from this are which are you can conjugate them yourself. Taking an example here is Ahmed is and is and it translation will be Ahmed spend the night on the road or we can say Ahmed stayed overnight on the road. Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala says here is an indicative abrogating imperfect verb and the sign of its indicative mood is the presence of noon. It is an attached pronoun built on the at the nominative place. It is of and is it is an accusative noun and the sign of its accusative case is the visible fat. It is of am skipping the rest of this verse. The translation of this verse will be and those who spend the night before their lord prostrate and standing. Next is which means the subject is being described by the predicate in the fornon. For example, the worker was in his factory in the fornon. This two can be used with the meaning of for example meaning life has become difficult. Next is which means the subject is being described by the predicate in the morning. For example, this could mean reached the morning sick or became sick in the morning or in native English we can say woke up sick and these two can be used with the meaning of for example yani life has become difficult. Next is which means the subject is being described by the predicate in the evening. For example, reached the evening sick. And this two can be used with the meaning of For example, the weather became hot. And there's nothing wrong in saying the weather became hot in the evening. Which makes more sense. And we can say the same for the sentence above. Zab became sick in the evening. Allahawel says the translation of this verse will be so glorify Allah when you come up to the evening and when you enter the morning. Next is and both perform the same function and its isal it indicates persistence of state or action. For example, is still sick. She is continuously being sick. Another example is still writing. And some other sisters which are and give the same meaning and don't have much knowledge about these three. Next is this indicates persistence or continuity of state or action over period of time and these are from which are for example meaning Muhammad is my friend as long as he is truthful. Allahawel says So here we have in which is is an attached pronoun functioning as is of and is of and this part means as long as I'm alive. So the complete translation of this verse will be and he has enjoined upon me prayer salah and zaka as long as I'm alive. That's it. Allah.