Khilafa of Abu Bakr

The Rashidan Caliphate is one of the most important yet misunderstood moments in our entire history. time of great triumph and justice yet extremely dangerous and volatile. This is the caliphate that protected our Quran and preserved it at time when the false prophets were writing their own ayat. And this is the caliphate that started so much of what we use today, the musf of man and the calendar of Omar. But it was also the caliphate that began fitna the repercussions of which we still see today. And out of the five khalifas that existed during this time four of them would end up assassinated. Yes, there were five brightly guided Khalifas before Mu Ali began the Umayad caliphate and it was the last one of those completely forgotten by most who would go on to fulfill prophecy that no other Khalifa could. This is the entire history of the Rashidun Caliphate. moment of incredible instability that only the greatest of the Sahaba could have led. And without these men, perhaps Islam would have never been spread beyond the borders of the deserts. Or perhaps it would have gone the way of the followers of Isaam and been completely lost to the sands of time. When news of the death of the prophet began to spread throughout Medina, people from all over the city gathered at various forums and meeting places to discuss what had happened and to hear what should be done next. And among those places was courtyard orifa of Benu, one of the most important and influential clans in the tribe of Benuaz. This Sakifa stood beside the city's main masjid and had long served as gathering place for the Ansar even before the prophet came to Medina. People now began trickling in looking to one another for guidance and trying to make sense of the moment. And as the hours passed, the discussion turned to the most pressing question. Who would become the new leader of the Muslims now that the prophet sallall alaihi wasallam was gone? To the Ansar, the answer soon seemed clear. The tribe of Benuar was the largest in Medina and they were the first to embrace Islam having pledged allegiance to the prophetam at the two covenants of and among the leaders was one of the earliest Muslims of Medina and among the strongest supporters of the prophet sallallaihi wasallam. It was in his courtyard that they were now sitting and the Ansar began to put him forward as the leader of the Muslims deciding that he was the best person for the role. At the time Abu Bakr and Omar were sitting in the masjid when someone came in and told them that the Ansar were gathering next door and had already chosen new leader. So Abu Bakr and Omar they got up and they joined them bringing along Abu Ra one of the elite of the Muajirun. When they arrived at the and sat among the Ansar one of the Ansar stood up and addressed them clarifying their position. He said, "We are the unsar of Allah, the helpers of Allah. And you, Muajirun, you are group among us." And this was true. This was the title the prophet wasallam had given to them. And they had opened their lands and their homes for the prophet and for the muajirun who had followed him. The Ansar numbered in the thousands while the Muajirun were only few hundred. And as the speaker explained why the Ansar should become the new leaders of the Muslims, Omar sat and listened, collecting counterpoints in his mind and waiting for his turn to speak. When the Ansari finished, Omar moved to stand up, but Abu Bakr put him back down and told him to sit. Fearing Abu Bakr's displeasure, Armar complied. He later said that Abu Bakr mentioned every point that he had intended to make only more eloquently and persuasively and he even managed to convince the Ansar. Abu Bakr began quoting the prophetam in every praise he had ever mentioned about them. He saidnone loves the Ansar but believer and none hates them but hypocrite. So Allah will love him who loves them and he will hate him who hates them. In another hadith, the sign of belief is to love the Ansar. And the sign of hypocrisy is to hate the Ansar. And in another hadith, if the Ansar took their way through the valley or mountain pass, would take the Ansar's valley. And if it was not for the Hijra, would have been one of the Ansar. On and on, Abu Bakr reminded them of the praise the prophet had for them, showing that he knew their position and their status with Allah. And when he finished he turned to Sadbada in front of the Ansar and he said know you were there sitting with the prophet sallall alaihi wasallam when he said that this issue this issue of leadership of the Muslims will remain among the Quraysh even if only two persons are left on this earth. This was because the Quraysh were universally recognized among the Arabs as the most noble and prestigious tribe. They were the caretakers of the Kaa and the facilitators of Hajj and they traced their lineage directly to Ibraim and is alam whereas and of Medina did not only Quraysh would be accepted by the Arabs as successors to the prophetam if another tribe were to lead the Arabs would be more likely to rebel and abandon their religion. After the prophet sallallaihi wasallam's death, this became the paramount issue as number of false prophets began appearing across Arabia and began tearing the Muslims apart. Sahbada finally agreed and Abu Bakr then took the hands of Omar and Abu raising them as suitable candidates. He then proposed that the Ansar choose one of those two people to become the first Khalifasool Allah, the successor of the messenger of Allah sallallahu alaihi wasallam. This title of course would later be shortened to Khalifa or Kaiff in English. The one chosen to lead the Muslims in both the religious and governmental affairs. At that point another man stood up and suggested that there should be two leaders. One leader from the Quraysh and one from the Ansar. And soon the voices in the room they rose and the debate grew heated. And sensing how fragile the unity of the Muslims was, Omar took Abu Bakr's hand and he pledged allegiance to him out loud. And the tide shifted and the Ansar followed by pledging allegiance to Abu Bakr. The next day, Omar gathered the people of Medina in the Masjid and announced that they should give their allegiance to Abu Bakr as well. Abu Bakr then delivered one of the most powerful and eloquent speeches explaining when he should be followed and when he should not. people, have been put in authority over you, but am not the best of you. If do the right thing, then help me. And if do the wrong thing, then correct me. Truthfulness is sacred trust, and lying is betrayal. The weak among you are the strong in my sight. So will relieve their suffering as is their right if Allah wills. The strong among you are the weak in my sight. So will take what is due from them if Allah wills. No people abandon jihad in the way of Allah, but that Allah strikes them with disgrace. Obscinity never spreads among the people, but that Allah afflicts them with trials. Obey me as long as obey Allah and his messenger. But if disobey Allah and his messenger, then you are not obliged to obey me. Now stand for your prayer and may Allah have mercy upon you. And with that, he led them in duar prayer and the people they accepted him as their leader. Most books you'll find on Islamic history are extremely bland and boring and often hard to read. And so that's why I've paid special attention to the storytelling in the book that I'm writing called the entire history of Islam. Islamic history is full of emotional moments from the glory the Muslims would have felt that day when they conquered Constantinople to the great misery and fear that they felt when the Mongols invaded their lands. These were moments of joy and jubilation. And these were moments of extreme sadness and depression. Heroes that brought victory and justice to the land and villains that massacred the people and brought destruction to their people. And when we read through these stories, we need to understand the emotions that they were going through as well. We need to understand the fear that Omar had when he was given responsibility over the no longer did he have the prophet sallall alaihi wasallam who was receiving direct revelation from Allah. He was on his own with the weight of the world on his hands. And we need to understand the joy and the jubilation that those Muslims would have felt as they finally liberated the city of Jerusalem after 100 years in the hands of the crusaders. This is what I've been trying to bring the ummah over the last 5 years with my videos on Tik Tok and YouTube. I've written hundreds of stories about the Muslim and will be applying those same storytelling techniques that I've learned over those years to this book so that when you read this book, you too will feel what your ancestors felt as they were overcoming the most dire of circumstances. So go to my website now and pre-order the book. And if you pre-order the book, will literally write your name into the book and honor for you because you were one of the very first people to support this project. few hours before the death of the prophet wasallam, the army of Osama Zed arrived back in Medina. Osama visited the prophet sallallaihi wasallam who was weak and unable to speak and the prophet sallallaihi wasallam pointed upwards to Allah and then towards us signaling that he was making dua for him. Osama's father Zade had been the adopted son of the prophet sallallaihi wasallam and his mother was theinian woman who had helped raise the prophetam in his childhood. Both were among the most beloved to him. And so their son was known as Allah, the beloved son of the beloved of the messenger of Allah. When the prophet sallallaihi wasallam passed away and Abu Bakr soon became the Khalifa after him, his very first order was to send the army of us back out on its mission fulfilling what the prophet sallall alaihi wasallam had firmly commanded. Many of the Sahaba including Usama himself sent messages to Abu Bakr asking for delay. You see, if the army departed Medina now, it would leave Medina exposed. And with the prophet gone, some tribes may turn away from Islam and vive for power in the peninsula. But Abu Bakr's decision rested not on mere calculations, but on trust in the prophet sallall alaihi wasallam's wisdom and on his divine guidance. So Abu Bakr said, "By Allah, will not untie knot that the messenger of Allah has tied. Even if the wild beasts were to drag me by my feet, would still dispatch the army of Osama." He insisted that Osama remain the commander, and he refused to replace him with any elder men and personally walked him out, bidding the army farewell. Only then did the expedition set out upholding the prophet sallall alaihi wasallam's final command and signaling to Arabia that the Muslims would remain steadfast and with that he led us and his army out of the city and bid them farewell on their journey and as they parted Abu Bakr told them the following. people halt. advise you with 10 things and remember them well. Do not betray. Do not steal from the spoils of war. Do not break your promises. Do not mutilate the enemy. Do not kill children, the elderly, or women. Do not cut down fruitbearing trees. Do not burn or destroy palm trees. Do not tear down inhabited structures, the people's homes. Do not burn or drown beehives. Do not slaughter animals except for food. And do not harm monks or those worshiping in their places of worship. leave them and what they have devoted themselves to. And with that, Usama's army marched forward to the lands of the Romans. These ten commandments are compilation from multiple narrations of Abu Bakr. They would become the moral standards of which all future Muslim armies were judged for their conduct in war. News of the death of the prophet sallallam and the departure of the army of Usama just after his death shocked the Romans and the Arabs and convinced them that the Muslims of Medina had become too strong to attack. So while the army of Osama was headed to the north and Medina was completely exposed, no one dared to try. Osama soon reached the borderlands of the Roman Empire arriving in Abil in modernday Syria. There he raided the Roman outposts and fought several skirmishes. But in the end, the Romans never sent their armies to fight them. So after 40 days, Usama and his army turned around and set off on their journey back to Medina. And with them, they carried the war booty taken from the Roman outposts and settlements. The expedition was complete success and the Muslims arrived back in Medina safely with great boost in morale. All the while, Medina remained untouched by the enemies of Islam, giving Abu Bakr time to consolidate his leadership over the Muslims. In the last days, while the prophet sallallaihi wasallam was still alive, there was still hope among the Muslims that he would recover from his illness. But when Ali went to Abbass, the uncle of both Ali and the prophet sallallaihi wasallam, Abbass said he knew the look of Benu Hasham when someone was about to die and he predicted the prophet wasallam would die within the next 3 days. At this Abbass suggested that they went to the prophetam and asked him who should rule the Muslims after he died but Ali refused to do this and he replied by Allah if we ask Allah's messenger for it i.e the caliphate and he denied it to us. The people would never give it to us after that and by Allah will not ask Allah's messenger for it. This was clear sign that Ali saw himself as one of the possible leaders of the Muslims. But he also knew there was good chance he would not be given it. So rather than ask for it and be rejected, he left the issue alone and stayed content with what was in front of him. This was the way of the Sahaba who competed with each other in goodness. It was not right for them to put their own wants above what was the best for the rest of the ummah. And when their plans did not happen and the chances did not come, they were patient and they trusted in Allah's plan knowing it was best for them. When the prophet sallallaihi wasallam soon passed away, Ali and Abbas who were closest to him in lineage began preparing for the funeral and caring for the family's needs. During this time, the events of Sakifa were taking place. So neither Ali nor Abbas was involved in choosing Abu Bakr as the new Khalifa, nor did they even know it was happening. When the people began to swear their oaths of allegiance to him in the masjid the next day, Abu Bakr noticed that Ali was not in the crowd. He called for Ali to leave his duties for moment and come swear his allegiance in front of the people. This way there would be no confusion about who the leader of the Muslims was and no one would later claim the throne and divide the Muslims. Evidence for this first oath of allegiance is actually found in hadith in Imhim's alt in volume 3 page 80. It is sah according to the conditions of Im Bkari and Im Muslim. While Ali's pledge of allegiance ended any rumors about tensions between him and Abu Bakr. This was only for time and soon disagreement would arise between Abu Bakr Ali and his wife Fatima. After the battle of Kaibar, the nearby town of Fedc reached out to the prophetam and offered him half of its land in exchange for peace treaty fearing any conflict with the Muslims. This land they offered is called fa in the Quran and it refers to war booty that was taken without fighting unlike which is taken after fighting. Because of this Allah gave it special status. The prophet wasallam could do with it whatever he wished. Amen. But when the prophet sallall alaihi wasallam passed away the question of what to do with this land was raised. On one hand, the close relatives of the prophet wasallam were being given share of the land's produce including Fatima, the wife of Ali and the prophet sallallaihi wasallam's last living child. And if the prophet had been any other man, that land would have been divided among his relatives as part of his inheritance. But on the other hand, Muhammad wasallam was prophet and the property of prophets cannot be inherited. Whatever they leave behind is to be spent in charity. So Abu Bakr put the property of Fedek under the control of the Muslim government spending portion of the produce on the family of the prophet wasallam and giving the rest to the poor and the needy. But Fatima saw this as seizure of her property and she refused to speak to Abu Bakr for the next 6 months until she fell ill and was lying on her deathbed. Fatima was not the first to request share of the land of Fedc from Abu Bakr. Rather the wives of the prophet wasallam made joint request first. Abu Bakr denied them all including Aisha his own daughter because he was following the prophet sallallaihi wasallam's instructions above all else. Abu Bakr then came to Ali's house and asked for his permission to enter and to speak with Fatima. Ali asked Fatima and she let him in and there they made peace with each other. Soon after Fatima passed away having made peace with Abu Bakr. The following conversation was recorded in Sunn Albehaki volume 6 page 301. Throughout this issue, Ali did not speak out against Abu Bakr as he knew the hadith of the prophetam was true and when Ali later became Khalifa himself, he kept Abu Bakr's ruling and Fedak stayed under government control. But there was still the issue of the first election of Abu Bakr as the Khalifa while Ali and Abbas were away preparing for the prophet's funeral. So Abu Bakr went to visit them and Benu Hasham, the prophet's own clan within the Quraysh, and he sat with them to see if they could settle any remaining tension. When Abu Bakr came, Ali stood up and he said, "We know well your superiority and what Allah has given you and we are not jealous of the good what Allah has bestowed upon you, but you did not consult us in the question of the rule and we thought that we have right in it because of our relationship to Allah's messenger sallallahu alaihi wasallam." Abu Bakr then replied, "By him in whose hand my soul is." To keep good relations with the relatives of Allah's messenger sallallahu alaihi wasallam is clearer to me is dearer to me than to keep good relations with my own relatives. But as for the trouble which arose between me and you about this property, about the land of Fedak, will do my best to spend it according to what is good and will not leave any rule or regulation which saw Allah's messenger sallallahu alaihi wasallam follow in disposing of it but will follow it. At that Ali told Abu Bakr that he would swear his oath of allegiance again for everyone to see. After prayer that day, they spoke to the people together in Masjid in Neboui. Any dispute they may have had was fully resolved that afternoon, and the Muslims were united once more. The rumors that had been spreading throughout the city were dispelled, and any conflict between them was finished. But this unity did not last long as number of usurpers soon arose across the Arabian Peninsula, each claiming the throne and the inheritance of prophethood. Soon after the death of the prophet wasallam, tribes from all over Arabia began to revolt against the Muslims and the caliphate of Abu Bakr. Some of these tribes, they returned to paganism, worshiping their old idols and gods. Other tribes refused to pay the zakat, claiming it had been part of the agreement with the prophet sallallaihi wasallam personally and no longer applied. At this, both groups betrayed their oaths of allegiance to Allah and his religion. The abandonment of Islam was so widespread across the Arabian Peninsula that only three cities of Mecca, Medina, and Tif maintained their Friday prayers. Then there was third group of tribes, each claiming their leaders were prophets who were receiving revelation from Allah. Some of these false prophets even tried to write their own ayat to compete with the Quran, humiliating themselves in the process. frog, daughter of two frogs, make your croaking sound as you do. Your top is in the water and your bottom is in the mud. You do not stop the person drinking and you do not make the water dirty. Musam al- Kad was the leader of one of the large tribes in Alma in central Arabia. And during the year of delegations when many tribes of Arabia came to the prophet sallallaihi wasallam to recognize him as the messenger of Allah, Musama himself went to visit him traveling all the way to Medina. He was an old man who in his youth had studied Christianity in the churches of Jerusalem and now he saw his own tribe divided and arguing between those who accepted Islam and those who did not. So he made proposal. If the prophet sallallaihi wasallam shared his prophethood with him and gave him half of the earth then Musama would accept him as the prophet and follow him. But this issue of prophethood belongs to Allah alone. And at that the prophet sallall alaihi wasallam replied, "If you asked me for this stick, would not give it to you. think you are the same person who was shown to me in dream." The prophet sallallaihi wasallam was referring to dream he had where he saw two liars who would appear after him and claim prophethood for themselves. The other liar, it seems, was als poems about animals and food, which he called his suras, claiming that Allah was sending these to him as revelation as well. The elephant. What is the elephant and what will make you know what the elephant is? It has heavy tail and long trunk. frog, daughter of two frogs, make your croaking sound as you do. Your top is in the water and your bottom is in the mud. You do not stop the person drinking and you do not make the water dirty. This is actually one of my favorite parts of the and honestly laughed out loud when read these at first. Saleam al kad was the first of these false prophets that the prophet sallall alaihi wasallam saw in dream. The second was alsi which had mentioned before and he came from the land of Yemen. Alsi was soothsayer and magician who dazzled crowds with tricks and deceit. And when he heard the prophet sallallaihi wasallam's illness at first he began to claim himself as the new prophet sent by Allah hoping to become the king after the prophet sallallaihi wasallam passed away when the prophet sallall alaihi wasallam was still alive he invaded Najan and later occupied the city of San where the Muslim governor of Yemen was ruling so the prophet sallallaihi wasallam sent Persian Muslim by the name of Fyu al demi to fight him and defeat him you see at the time the Persians were still the governors of Yemen Soon after the prophetam's death killed als and restored Yemen to Muslim rule. It was the first of the false prophets to be eliminated though more were still to come. Saj al-H was false prophetess from the tribe of Benuim in northern Arabia. There she worked as soothsayer and shaman and was the daughter of one of the tribes leaders. After the death of the prophet wasallam, she began calling herself prophetess and gained following of about 4,000 people from the neighboring Arab tribes. She later allied with Al Kadab and even married him, joining their forces together. The combined forces of these two false prophets posed huge threat to the Muslims in Medina. But soon fourth false prophet would rise and join them in their apostasy. Tlea Ibui was wealthy tribal leader from the lands of Naj in central Arabia. During the of Medina, he fought several battles against the Muslims, including joining the enemies of Islam in the battle of Kandak. And when the prophet sallallaihi wasallam passed away, he began claiming that he too was prophet. He gathered support from many tribes in the region and he fought against Abu Bakr and the Muslims. Soon they raised an army and they fortified the city of Isis. They were now only 30 kilometers away from the capital city of the Muslims and Tleas soon became the first of the false prophets to plan an attack against Medina. One of the biggest reasons why many people regularly don't read books is because they're often visually bland and boring. This is literally medium that is visual only. Yet authors are often so uncreative and so unimaginative that they never use any imagery to enhance their own stories. So that's why I've put huge amount of effort into the visuals of this book, the entire history of Islam, so that every page oozes with emotion and so that it adds depth and clarity to the stories and also so that when people open up the book, they can actually enjoy the beauty of our history. Not just in its stories but in its visuals as well. Beauty is so so important to the point that even the prophet sallallahu alaihi wasallam said that Allah is beautiful and that he loves beauty. So am working with artists and I'm experimenting with all sorts of different colors and art styles and backgrounds and visuals to make sure that every page in this massive book will be absolutely spectacular. This is the most important book of our generation. So, it needs to look as important as it truly is. If the presentation isn't done well, then nobody will look past it, even if the writing is worth its weight in gold. So, go to my website and pre-order the book now. And if you pre-order, will literally write your name into the book. An honor for you because you were one of the very first people to support this project. Something special only for the people that pre-ordered. The funds get from the pre-orders will then allow me to pay these artists and make sure that every page is extremely visually beautiful while also being easy to read. So go to my website now and pre-order the book and may Allah fill your life with beauty. Amen. Abu Bakr now began to send out emissaries to all the tribes of Arabia, urging them to pay their zakat and keep their commitments to Islam. But when the Arab tribes refused this commandment, Abu Bakr prepared to fight them for the money they were withholding out of greed. This issue of paying zakat is one of the basic duties all Muslims must fulfill. It is not charity given to king so that he can grow wealthy to fill his pockets. Rather, there are only few set purposes that ziket can be spent on, such as feeding the poor, freeing slaves, helping stranded travelers, and freeing people burdened by debts. But what Abu Bakr was proposing was an allout war against peninsula that seemed to have turned its back on the Muslims overnight. Medina was already in danger and they were in no position to fight war on all fronts. Even Omar advised Abu Bakr not to go through with this plan. But in the end, Abu Bakr was firm about keeping the laws of the prophet sallall alaihi wasallam and he refused to allow any changes during his time as Khalifa. So he prepared an army and split it into several groups. He put in command at the head of the main group. The first battle was in the city of Dulisa where the army of the false prophet Tlea had been using as base for their planned attack against Medina. Abu Bakr himself put on his armor and led the Muslim army out. And after few skirmishes, the Muslims retook the city from Tlea's forces. At that point, Ali begged Abu Bakr to take his armor off and not lead the army because if he died now, the Muslims would be divided at the worst possible time and they would never reunite again in the future. So, Khaled Wal was put in charge of the main army and the soldiers of Usama soon returned from Syria and joined him. Khaled then turned his attention towards central Arabia where Tlea was located. He attacked Tleha's forces headon, fighting him and his soldiers in the battles of Buzzah and Nakra. Tleha was then quickly defeated, but he managed to flee from the Muslims and head towards the lands of Syria. There he stayed in hiding until the Muslims eventually captured those lands few years later. But Tlea was never captured. Rather, he asked the Muslims for forgiveness for what he had done and he converted back to Islam. His conversion was so sincere that he joined the Muslim army and fought on the front lines in several battles. Eventually Tlea died as Shahid in the battle Navand, the final battle fought against the Persians before their empire began to crumble. Even Omar later praised him for his skill and his courage on the battlefield, fixing his legacy as one of the greatest Muslims of this back in Arabia. Khalid kept cutting across the center of the peninsula until he reached the lands of Alam. There he fought Musim Kadab and 50,000 of his followers, huge army that had turned treacherous against Islam. This battle was by far the largest and most important of all the battles in the wars of Arda. And eventually the Muslims gained victory over the enemies and defeated the false prophet. during the last phase of the battle and about 7,000 of his soldiers fled into giant walled garden where they there made last stand. But the Muslims climbed over the walls and opened the front gate. And so now the Muslim army flooded in and they moved closer and closer to the liar who used to mock the Quran and the messenger sallallahu alaihi wasallam. And among them was Washi, the slave who had killed Hamza in the battle of the prophetam's uncle. Now Muslim, Washi began hunting for just as he had done with Hamza. He took his spear and he threw it directly at him, killing the false prophet with the same spear and atoning for his past mistake. If killed the best of men, Hamza ibn Abd Mutalib with this weapon, the worst man too did not escape its terror. The battle of Yema was over and the main threat to the Muslims was gone. The other Muslim armies then swept through the rest of Arabia, uniting the peninsula once again through either battle or negotiation. Musl and als killed while als fled to Syria in defeat. This left only the last of the false prophets. And with Mama, her husband now dead, she gave up her claim to prophethood and converted back to Islam. Saja then returned to her tribe in northern Arabia before moving to the city of Basra where the Muslims later conquered that land. There she lived for another 40 years until she eventually died and the governor of the city at the time even led her funeral prayer. Of the four false prophets, only two that the prophet sallallaihi wasallam dreamed about and also two and both reverted to Islam and died as Muslims. In the end, the wars of Ridda united the Muslims once again, both politically and theologically. And ever since then, the vast majority of Muslims have remained on the same ideas, practicing the same version of Islam with the same understanding of its core beliefs and theology. If Abu Bakr had not fought these wars and if the Muslims hadn't won them, then the caliphate would have been fractured and split into many kingdoms and the religion of Islam would not have been protected and no clear majority would have remained. The wars of Ridda were necessary for the preservation and the protection of Islam as we know it. But soon the Muslims realized that there was still one more thing needed for its safekeeping. While the Muslims had united the Arabian Peninsula and confirmed Abu Bakr's authority as the Khalifa, the Ridda wars caused the deaths of many memorizers of the Quran, bringing new crisis. You see at the time memorizers of the Quran were known as or the term or became popular later. However, because the Quran was still being revealed during the lifetime of the prophet sallallaihi wasallam most of the Sahab did not have the whole Quran memorized rather the Quran were known to have large parts of the Quran memorized with their memories overlapping each other. What would happen if the Quran died and no one was left to transmit the Quran? While the Muslims had written the Quran in separate suras and parts before, they had never compiled the entire Quran into one place. This did not make sense. While revelation was still coming down piece by piece, suras were often being revealed over many years in different orders with ayat being added in different times and places. This of course would have been impossible to organize if Allah had not already created the Quran long before and revealed each part at its set time and place. But now that the prophet sallallaihi wasallam had passed away and many of his Sahaba were dying, Omar suggested that full compilation should be made so it would not be lost to future generations. At first Abu Bakr was hesitant, not wanting to do something the prophetam had not done before. But soon it seemed clear that this was needed and so he agreed. The prophet sallall alaihi wasallam was unlettered meaning he could neither read nor write. He had number of scribes who wrote his letters and documents for him including the ayat that he received from revelation. The most well-known of these scribes was Zbet and he was one of only four people who had memorized the entire Quran during the prophet's lifetime. Most of the Sahaba had memorized large parts of the Quran. But since the Quran was still growing as new ayat were being revealed, most had not memorized the entire book. Rather, the Sahaba memorized much of the Quran with their memories overlapping each other. Memorizing the Quran was also seen as heavy responsibility with each ayah needing to be lived before they committed it to memory. They often memorized it in batches of 10 ayat and did not move on to the next batch until they had put those ayat in practice. Omar for example saw memorizing surah al bakar as such huge accomplishment that he held big feast to celebrate it. His son Abdahbar also memorized surah al bakar saying it took him four years to complete. So Abu Bakr called upon zade and asked him to lead this project and compile the entire Quran in one place. Zade knew how serious this was and at first he refused. But Abu Bakr and Omar sat with him and convinced him. So he began collecting the Quran from the chests of the people and from the pieces of wood. Everyone who had memorized the parts of the Quran and every tablet of wood and sheet of parchment the Quran had been written on was gathered. Each portion was checked very carefully with at least two separate witnesses required for every single ayah. This work took place in the 12th year after Hijra only one year after the prophet wasallam had died. Every major sahhabi was still alive to see and confirm its compilation. Every piece of parchment that the prophet wasallam had dictated on was still available in clear writing. And Zade used these people and these parchments as witnesses for the Quran, not relying only on his own memory and writings. This was the miracle of the preservation of the Quran. We know the dates of revelation and the compilation and we know the people involved and their biographies because the compilation was agreed upon by all. There have been no real disputes about anything extra being added or anything missing. The Quran was compiled perfectly in its complete and final form. Compare the Quran with the Bible or the Torah or the scriptures of the Buddhists and the Hindus. We don't even know who wrote these scriptures or even what century they were written in. How then can we say that any of them have been preserved or that the message of those original prophets has been kept throughout the millennia? No other religious scripture in human history has been preserved for later generations. Nor has any other religion kept single version of its scriptures. But the Quran stands alone preserved in single version that all agree upon. Even the groups that left Islam still say that the Quran is fully preserved. feel with the Arabian Peninsula now reunited under the banner of Islam and the Muslims following an undisputed leader. Abu Bakr saw the chance to expand the Muslim Empire. So he did what no one else would think was possible. He attacked two superpowers of the world at the same time. The expansion began when Al-Mu, tribal leader in the lands of Bahrain, converted to Islam and began an offensive against the Persian Empire in what is now modern-day Iraq. The Persians pushed back against this small force and so Mua asked Abu Bakr to send reinforcements to help him in battle. Abu Bakr hadn't ordered the first attack, but he approved it and he sent an army for support. At the head of the army was Khalid Wal, who had already proven himself as brave and skillful leader. Together, Khaled and al- Mua led the Muslims, defeating the Persians in several battles until they reached the Persian city of Alhira. The city was the capital of the Lmed Kingdom, dynasty of Arabs who had been allies of the Persians for nearly 300 years. But in the year 602, the Persians accused the Lmeds of treason and put their king to death. After that, the Persians ruled the city directly, persecuting its people and taxing them heavily. When Khalid Wed arrived in Alh in 633, he offered its leaders three choices. The same choices he offered in most places he conquered. Accept Islam and join the Muslim Ummah. Unite with us and you will be equal citizens of our empire rather than subjugated people of another empire. Second option was to pay the Jiza tax and we will protect you from your enemies and let you rule over your own citizens by your own laws. This includes protections from the Persians who oppressed you and your people. And the third option, or we will go to war with you. Remember, you are fighting people who love death more than you love life. In the ancient world, most peoples and cities were subjugated and oppressed by larger empires and were treated as less than secondass citizens with no way to improve their lives. But when the Muslims arrived, they came with new rules. They left the people they ruled to govern themselves by their own laws. And the Muslims offered their armies as protection against foreign invaders. And if the people conquered by the Muslims chose to convert to Islam, they would join the Muslims as equals and would no longer have to pay the Jiza. Becoming Muslim was not just switching religions. It was an oath to become citizens of the United Muslim Ummah. The leaders of Al-Hira chose to pay the Jiza tax and be protected by the Muslims. And in the end, the Muslims took their war booty and simply let them be. It was monumental victory against all odds. The small forces of Khalid and his illquipped men against the mighty Persian Empire and its vast armies. But soon Abu Bakr sent Khaled letter and in that letter he told Khalid not to continue his conquest against the Persians. Rather, Khad was to travel across the deserts of Syria and join the Muslim armies on the other side. And there waiting for him was much larger and stronger enemy. And they needed Khalid's help. When the prophet sallallaihi wasallam sent us army north to Syria, Abu Bakr realized this was the prize and he never lost sight of that goal. In the lands of Syria and Palestine was Bet Maktis, the holy city of Jerusalem. The Roman Empire also held the wealthy lands of Syria and Egypt. Soon after he sent Khal to Iraq, Abu Bakr sent an army from Medina to Tabuk. This was the same path that the prophet wasallam had taken only 3 years earlier. Tabuk became launching pad for Abu Bakr's army to move into the Levant. and the army there then split into four groups each with its own leader and goalbas was sent to Palestine. Yazid ibb Abbu Sufyan was sent to Damascus ibn Hass was sent to Jordan and Abueda was sent to homes. And he said do not impose hardship on yourselves or on your brothers. Do not show displeasure towards your people and your fellow men. Consult them, uphold justice, and keep away from cruelty. For one who is unjust can never progress or see success. When you face the enemy, never turn your backs to them. If you are granted victory over the enemy, do not kill any children, the elderly, or women, and do not kill animals, and do not break the covenants that you make. This was Abu Bakr's parting advice to the army. When the Romans heard that the Muslim armies were coming, Heraclus's brother Theodore went to the front lines to stop the invasion. The Muslims won several small skirmishes and battles. But when they learned huge Roman army was heading to the Levant, they sent letter to Abu Bakr asking for help. Abu Bakr then wrote to Khalid Wal and ordered him, "Go to Syria and help the Muslims against the coming Roman attack." Khaled then gathered about 10,000 men and together they crossed the deserts of Syria through place where no one had traveled before. It was dangerous route with no food and no water. Balid made the camels drink extra water so that the men could slaughter them on the way and drink from their bodies. After week, the water ran out and for two more days they marched with nothing to drink. The men were close to collapse, but they finally made it through, taking the Romans by surprise. Out of nowhere, Khaled's army appeared from direction the Romans had never expected. Khaled then surprised the Romans and defeated them in several battles and took control of some of their cities. He then coordinated with the other Muslim armies and together they laid siege to Bosra and took it. All this led to the decisive battle of Edna where Ib completely outclassed the Romans. It was huge battle and great victory for the Muslims. Never before had they faced the full force of the Roman Empire and won. And now they had and the route to Damascus was now open. Damascus was the crown jewel of the Romans in the Levant, city of great wealth and history. The Romans, they surrounded it and Khaled sent parts of the army to guard the roads against these new Roman forces. And for 29 days, they cut Damascus off from supplies and from any help. The Romans tried to attack several times, but the Muslims held their positions and forced the city to surrender. As part of peace, no one would be enslaved. No harm would come to the temples and nothing would be taken as booty. Safe passage was given to the city's rulers and any citizen who did not want to live under Muslim rule was free to leave. It was historic day of triumph and honor as one of the world's great cities came under Muslim rule. But while they celebrated, letter arrived to them from Medina with shocking news. The mood soon turned to gloom as the message told of tragedy that shook the entire ummah. While they had been besieging Damascus, death came to someone very dear to them, companion of the prophet sallall alaihi wasallam who had been with the Muslims from the very beginning. The first Khalifa of the prophet sallallahu alaihi wasallam had died. The script of this video was based on one of the chapters of my new upcoming book, The Entire History of Islam. an absolutely massive book dedicated to telling the entire story of our ummah. From the lost Muslim kingdoms of Spain and France to the great sultanates of Vietnam and the Philippines and Russia. This is our entire history. compilation that has never been done before in the entire history of our ummah. This is the most important book of this generation. So go to my website now and pre-order the book. And if you pre-order the book, will literally write your name into the book as an honor for you. So that generations from now, people will read this book and know that it was you. You were the reason that this book could even be printed in the first place. So go to my website and pre-order now. And may Allah accept you as co-author to the most important book of our generation. Ami