Types of pronouns in Arabic detached attached subject object possessive pronouns

hello and welcome to this video brought to you by www.learningarabicwithangela.com 100 free arabic learning resources for everyone don't forget to hit the subscribe button and turn on the notification bell find me on facebook just search for learning arabic with angela to get daily arabic learning tips and resources in your facebook feed in this grammar lesson we will learn all about pronouns in arabic language lesson outcomes you'll be able to identify and recognize different types of pronouns in arabic and you'll be able to employ the correct pronouns while speaking or writing arabic in arabic language there are two types of pronouns visible as the name suggests is what you can write and see so visible pronouns and you've got the implicit or hidden pronouns that is invisible so you can understand them from the context but you do not actually write them and i'll explain them in bit under visible pronouns you've got detached and attached pronouns so as the name suggests detached is like they form words on their own so they're separate entities such as ana anta etc and they can be in two grammatical cases either nominative or accusative such as nominative being the subject of sentence and accusative being the object of the sentence and you can start sentence with these pronouns this is versus attached pronouns which you cannot start sentence with and they attach themselves to noun verb or particle depending and they can be in three grammatical cases so not just the nominative or the accusative case they can also be in the genitive case and an extra note for advanced learners so apart from being able to start sentence with detached pronouns you can also put them directly after the particle illa which means apart from or excluding so example everyone came or everyone was present apart from you or excluding you however you cannot place an attached pronoun after particle ella because it doesn't make sense let's start with detached nominative pronouns first person second person and third person so for the first person we've got anna for the singular and we for the plural so ana and anna for the second person we've got anta anti antuma antum antuna so enter is for the singular masculine nt for the singular feminine and is for the dual that is you both anton for the plural and tuna for the plural feminine third person for the masculine singular here for the feminine singular for the dual we've got huma and it's the same for the dual masculine and the dual feminine so it could be two men so that's huma or it could be to woman that's also huma or it could be man and woman and that would be also huma for the plural we've got home for the masculine for the feminine we've got honna i'll just point out one thing remember always in arabic the masculine overpowers the feminine so even if we've got thousand females and there's one male that would be anthem for example instead of antona or that would be hum instead of huna so always the male will overpower the female all it takes is just one male and then the pronoun that we would use would be the masculine pronoun in that case another important point is that in arabic we do not have vector so we do not say am we do not use or was the was for example we just say student for example ana literally means student so there's no verb to be so the noun in itself and the way it's conjugated is includes verb to be so ana you are student for the masculine singular anti-taliban you are student for the feminine singular antuma taliban you that is for the dual that is you both are students and to taliban if it was two females that would be antuma talibatan so for the dual feminine and tuma talibatan antum tulab for the masculine plural and tunna talibad for the feminine plural for the third person he is student hiya aliba she is student huma taliban for the dual third person and that is masculine so taliban this is versus the feminine when we say huma talibatan uma talibatan so we've got two female students this is for the plural honna this is for the plural feminine so once again and now we've reached the part about detached accusative pronouns and as the name suggests they're always in the accusative case and they can be translated as follows it is me yana it is us it is you for the masculine it is you for the feminine it is you for the dual weather masculine or feminine it is you for the plural it is you for the plural feminine it is him for the masculine it is her for the feminine is for the dual whether masculine or feminine is the same thing and it is them for their masculine plural and it is them for the feminine plural and remember they are always in the accusative case being the object of the sentence and will provide you with examples and the first example is from the holy book of the quran and it means thee do we worship and thine aid we seek and over here both the words yag means it is you or thee or thine as mentioned in the translation it is me whom the teacher rewarded so over here yeah is detached pronoun in the accusative case because it received the verb so the subject of the verb is el usted and the object who received the verb is me hence in the accusative case it's also similar to saying el usted so we can say it is me whom the teacher rewarded or alternatively we can say cafe ani el usted the teacher rewarded me but in this case the pronoun is attached so the yeah here is an attached pronoun and this is different from yaya which is detached pronoun both of them are in the accusative case because they're the object of the sentence however the first one is detached that is it's word on its own it's separate word and in the second case it's attached to the verb and over here we've got the same sentence but we're going to use him instead so instead of me him it is him whom the teacher rewarded and we could also say ahul usted simply the teacher rewarded him so in the first sentence the pronoun is detached and it's in the accusative case because it received the action and in the second sentence it is attached and it is also in the accusative case because it is the object of the verb while the teacher is the subject in both sentences and now let's discuss attached pronouns in detail let's look at the sentence careful usted means the teacher rewarded the student we can also say kef usted the teacher rewarded him in this case the ha equals to him and the pronoun over here attached to verb which is he rewarded him in the next sentence heather ustedi this is my teacher usted is noun and the yeah is the attached pronoun which in this case attached to the noun the noun teacher or stead to form possessive relationship my teacher usted and in this case also there is genitive construction so ustas is the mudaf and the yeah is the modaf elekitabu this book is mine or to be exact literal translation for me so the lamb here is preposition or and the is the pronoun that refers to me so for me li and we also over here have genitive construction formed by the particle of jar and the noun which is al-ism so we've got pronoun that attaches to verb like in pronoun that could attach to noun like ustevi and pronoun that could attach to preposition like lee let's study each case case by case so let's look at the pronouns that attach to verb there are two kinds of pronouns that usually attach to verb and these are subject pronouns and object pronouns ate the food so the tear over here in aqueltu represents so is the subject of the sentence ate the food so it's subject pronoun so i'm the doer so i'm the person who did the action so in this case the ta is the subject of the sentence in the sec second example kellemahu he spoke to him so in this case the hair is an object pronoun because it's the object of the verb so him means that person receive the action so he is the object of the verb so we conclude that any pronoun that attaches to verb can be either subject pronoun or an object pronoun and that depends on the context we look at the sentence and we can realize whether that pronoun did the verb or received the verb is subject pronoun or is it an object pronoun for object pronouns there is famous acronym that helps the learner remember all the pronouns that can be in the accusative case and that is and it represents the ner and the hair and its different forms and and i'll give you examples soon the teacher rewarded the teacher rewarded you when addressing male so for the masculine cafe el usted so the teacher rewarded you when addressing female cafe the teacher rewarded them so for the plural the teacher rewarded them and that is for the plural feminine and remember that all these pronouns in nahig are always in the accusative case that is bihi and now we move to the subject pronouns that can attach to verb and that is the alif foreign so the rule is that any pronoun apart from the ones mentioned in the acronym nahik that attaches to verb is subject pronoun such as kel tu tam we look at the verb does the pronoun here come from nahik no so it's subject pronoun and we also look at the context ate that means the pronoun is the subject because it did the verb so ate did the verb however there are two pronouns that can be confusing and that are common between the subject and the object pronouns and that is the ner and the yeah how will you know if the over here which is also in the acronym is subject or object pronoun so obviously we ate the food so akal na that means we ate so we is the subject because we did the verb and another point is that now over here is so the subject na because we did the action however the other noun that comes from the acronym nahik is the object now or the accusativeness such as he hit us so in this case we receive the action so we are the object of the verb so these two nails are different and now we move on to yeah how to tell the difference between the subject here and the object yeah you are eating the food so it's obvious here that the yeah or you is the subject of the sentence because you are doing the verb so in this case is in the nominative case because it is the subject of the sentence so it is subject yeah and it refers to you in the feminine so the second person feminine this is in contrast with which is usually the object such as the rabbani he hit me so in this case received the action and the yeah over here is an object ya and it is the yeah of the speaker so it is different it is the first person so so far we've discussed the types of pronouns that can attach to verb and that is the object and the subject pronouns and we said that the acronym nahik represents all the pronouns that are the object pronouns now the same pronouns can also attach to nouns and to prepositions remember at the beginning we said that pronouns can attach to verbs and they can also attach to nouns and prepositions so the nahik pronouns they are the pronouns that attach to the nouns as well and to the prepositions in addition to the verbs this is his book so over here the hair attached to the noun kitab forming genitive construction so an idafa genitive construction kitab is the mudaf and the who is the pronoun which is the mudaf so this is his book so it is the object of noun in this case ismi ahmad my name is ahmad the same thing over here we have genitive idafa construction and it forms type of possessive relationship so it's me my name his book and the nahik pronouns can also attach themselves to prepositions such as this book is mine or for me so over here we've got the lamb which is and we've got the yeah which is so we have genitive construction which is formed by hadfield the same thing so in both cases the pronoun attached itself to preposition and formed genitive construction let's review attached possessive pronouns which always form genitive construction when they attach to noun or particle and we're going to use the example kitab which is book itabi my book our book your book for the masculine bookie your book for the feminine kitabukuma your book for the duel whether masculine or whether feminine kitabukum your book for the plural masculine kitabukuna your book for the plural feminine kitabuhu his book for the masculine kitabuha her book for the feminine kitabuhuma their book for the duel whether masculine or feminine their book for the plural masculine and kitabuhuna their book for the plural feminine over here i've got table that shows the different cases of the attached personal pronoun let's start with ana wrote the lesson so over here the tare is the subject of the verb or and it is in the nominative case act write the lesson or am writing the lesson over here we cannot see any pronoun however it is implicit or hidden so it is deduced from the context and we'll come to that later over here the pronoun is the object of the verb and it is in the accusative case over here the pronoun is the object of preposition so we've got har jar and we've got al-ism so the lamb plus the yeah and we've got heather kitabi this is my book where the pronoun attached to noun so it's the object of noun and it forms an idol for construction so another genitive construction let's move on to which is we wrote the lesson so over here is the the subject of the verb in the nominative case next to put this we write the lesson over here the pronoun is implicit so we cannot see it but we can deduce it from the context next to buddhas so us so in this case the pronoun that attached to the verb is the object of that verb in the accusative case if tessema lena he smiled to us over here it is genitive construction consisting of hadfield the lamb and ellis which is in this case the pronoun and then we've got herder kitabuna this is our book genitive idafa construction where the pronoun attached to noun and we've reached the second person pronouns and we start with enter and empty antac adapter you wrote the lesson so that here is the subject of the verb hence the pronoun is in the nominative case however when we look at you write the lesson we cannot see the pronoun anywhere but it is hidden and it is implied from the meaning so the pronoun is what we call implicit and write the lesson the same case the pronoun is hidden we move to the accusative case he so you so over here the pronoun received the action and is the object of the verb so we have harfald which is the lamb and we have the pronoun which is attached to the particle and which forms genitive construction in this case and in the next case also the genitive case heather this is your book so we have genitive possessive construction so the pronoun attach itself to noun in this case and then we move to empty antique attracted dars you wrote the lesson we can clearly see the pronoun and it's the subject of the verb so it's in the nominative case and tech to being adults you write the lesson or you're writing the lesson we can see the yeah here and it is the pronoun which is in the nominative case and october write the lesson also here we can clearly see the pronoun and it is in the nominative case he saw you so over here the pronoun received the action and it is in the accusative case being the object of the verb it tasma lucky over here the pronoun attached to the particle of zhao forming genitive construction and being in genitive case hatha kitabuki this is your book again here we have genitive possessive construction where the pronoun attached to noun which is book or kitab moving on to antuma antum and antonna and it's the same process that means you wrote the lesson and over here the attached pronoun is in the nominative case being the subject of the verb tactu bernie dars you write or you are writing the lesson the same thing and uktube in the imperative in all these cases the pronoun is subject pronoun however when we say the akuma he saw you the pronoun over here is in the accusative case being the object of the verb and then we've got in the genitive case he smiled to you and this is your book so the pronouns over here have formed genitive construction the first one attached to the preposition and the second one attached to the noun kitab anton anton cataptoma the lesson you're writing the lesson and write the lesson in all these cases the pronoun is in the nominative case being the subject of the verb he saw you over here the pronoun is the object so it's in the accusative case the pronouns over here are in the genitive case which is used for the feminine plural you wrote the lesson and so in the past present and imperative and in all these cases the attached pronoun is in the nominative case being the subject of the verb but when we say so you hence the pronoun is in the accusative case being the object of the verb to you the pronoun here is in the genitive case and heather kitabukuna this is your book the pronoun is also in the genitive case and moving on to the third person hua and here kataba ders over here we cannot see the pronoun it's implicit but we can say kataba what dars and kattabatti darts she wrote the lesson the same thing we cannot see the pronoun anywhere it's hidden and we'll discuss that later get about it note that the tahir is not pronoun it is simply marker of femininity so it is the tare of the feminine and it's usually marked with sukun at the end but we put kasra here to prevent to sukkoun's meeting because the next word starts with and it starts with sukun so in the accusative case he saw him he saw her in the genitive case so in the genitive case we've got the who and the ha so the who for the masculine and the hair for the feminine and they attach to particle and in the other example with the book they are attached to the noun kitab forming an idafa genitive construction moving on to the duel and you know we've got huma for the masculine duel and huma for the feminine duel kataba adars they wrote the lesson jak to bernie dars they write the lesson so over here the alif is in the nominative case and the same thing for the dual feminine catabate stack to benedirth so over here the pronouns are in the nominative because they're the subject of the verb in the accusative case he saw them the two of them and the same for the feminine and iptasa malahuma and hadakita bhuma the same for both the masculine and the feminine so you can see the pronouns are in the genitive case when they are attached to particle or noun and we reach to the third person they so home for the masculine plural and hunna for the feminine plural so they wrote the lesson so the ma is the subject of the verb in the nominative case yakut they write the lesson the same thing and ye they wrote and they write so the pronouns and all these examples are in the nominative case being the subject of the verb in the accusative case we say he so then for the masculine plural and he saw them for the feminine plural and the pronouns over here are in the accusative case being the objects of the verb having received the verb and in the genitive cases when they attach to particle and when it attaches to noun and we finally reach the hidden or implicit pronouns and as mentioned before you cannot see those pronouns and they're not written anywhere but they are deduced from the meaning and from the way the verb is conjugated so let's look at the examples that means that means it depends on the meaning so you will decide according to the meaning and the context but when we say uk that means you write the lesson because we know for here it would be to be with the yeah and kataba that means and katabati so in all those examples we did not see the pronoun but we deduced it from the meaning so the pronoun is hidden or implicit i've circled the pronouns here in red so all these pronouns are hidden they're not seen or written anywhere and we call this type of pronoun adamir al-mustetter the hidden or the invisible pronoun thank you for watching if you haven't subscribed don't forget to hit the subscribe button and turn on the notification bell to 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