TEAS Science States of matter higher volume

hey everyone dr here today we're going to look at states of matter we know that matter exists in different states right depending on environmental conditions such as temperature and pressure so today we're going to go through the different things required by ati so we're going to talk about the three main different states of matter and we're going to talk about the movement of molecules in different states we will differentiate between the different phases of matter and then we'll look at the changes between states of matter for example in melting and that's from solid to liquid freezing that's from liquid to solid so we'll look at what happens to heat to energy when matter transitions from one state to another all right so just real quick overview on state of matter there are four phases solid liquid gas and the plasma but we only need to worry about the first three phases plasma state is very advanced topic and don't even know much about the plasma state so we are going to focus on the first three phases one thing you need to know about molecules is that as long as the temperature is above the absolute zero which is zero or let's use the second unit because this is something that we're more familiar with you know the unit for temperature which is degree celsius we have talked about conversion between celsius and fahrenheit before so this is based on celsius negative 273 degrees celsius that the absolute zero above the absolute zero molecules are in constant motion and this actually provides the basis for why diffusion takes place because molecules are constantly on the move and the collision between the molecules create this phenomenon known as diffusion right molecules move from high concentration area to lower concentration area so just keep in mind that molecules are in constant motion and we will tie this to the different phases of matter in just second so in solids molecules are packed in in the tight and the orderly pattern and it's less tight and overlay in liquid and it's at least tight and orderly in gas so again we'll tie these back to the to the transitions between different states in the just in just moment so here is an image of the temperature and the pressure in relation to the phase of substance so you can see temperature on the axis and the pressure on the axis so this indicates from low temperature to high temperature and similar here right the arrow goes from low pressure to high pressure all right now there are some lines the red line green line and blue line so those lines will kind of define the region where you know within this environmental condition the substance will in will be in particular phase for example in this area the substance will be in solid so you can actually find particular point i'm going to use green so let's say the temperature is at this point and the pressure is at this particular value and then when you put those two together you can see at this particular environmental condition basically at this particular temperature and the pressure the substance will be in the solid state now what happens if you use the same pressure but you increase the temperature so let's say we increase the temperature to this point you draw line and the pressure is still the same right and then you find at the intersection so at this particular temperature and pressure substance will be in liquid right so you can see if you keep the pressure constant but increase the temperature the substance will change from solid to liquid basically you provide heat you provide energy so now the molecules can really spread out right they become less orderly they become liquid right from the previous solid state so liquid is in this particular region right between the green line and the blue line now how about gas so gas is going to be in this area so any environmental condition that falls into this area will have this will have the guess state for this particular substance so again let's say we use the same temperature so temperatures this is this point but we're going to decrease the pressure to maybe quarter of the previous value so now this is the new pressure and you draw line here where it intercepts with the temperature line so at this particular temperature and pressure the substance will be in the gas state less pressure less force to kind of pack the molecules tight right so the molecules are not very tightly packed again they can spread out lot so in the gas state remember the molecules spread out the most they're the least tightly packed and they're the least orderly all right now when you look at solid solid has definite volume and shape right you look at any solid the shape does not change right it's definite shape and you can measure the volume but when you look at liquid liquid it does have volume you can measure the volume of water or any other solution but there's no definite shape right if you put water in circular container they're going to be circular but if you put water in rectangular container then you don't want to be rectangular so there's no definite shape for liquid for gas they don't have definition volume or shape so gas can be in any shape you know and there's no definite volume so now let's look at changes between states of matter and you're going to focus on the organization of molecules and when that organization is broken and that's going to affect the different states of matter and what's going to break that organization that's going to be heat or energy when you provide heat heat energizes the molecules and that's going to overcome the intermolecular force that hold the molecules together and this is going to increase the vibrational and translational motion of molecules so that the molecules can really spread out and they become less packed and orderly quick example so let's say in solid everything is packed very neatly very tightly so that's solid and if you provide heat then with that additional energy these molecules can spread out and become less tightly packed and less orderly so you can see there is greater distance between these molecules right so when you provide heat something solid can melt and become liquid and really when you look at more closely it all boils down to providing heat allows the molecules to overcome the intermolecular force that keep them together so now they spread out they become less packed quarterly and that will be liquid right or if you provide lot of heat than molecules then the substance may become gas phase or gas state right they will be you know even less packed and orderly again when you transition from solid to liquid or gas heat is gained right from by this transition so from solid to liquid that's called melting liquid to gas that's boiling when you boil water water becomes water vapor that's boiling from solid to gas sublimation so you could skip that liquid phase in the middle and you can change something directly from solid to gas and remember all these transitions will gain heat right they need to gain heat to overcome that intermolecular force to make the molecules go further from one another now the opposite direction the for the transitions if you want to change from less wordly state to more water like state that's going to release heat so the transition will release heat so that includes from liquid to solid that's freezing right from water to ice from gas to liquid that's condensation if you put vertical drink on the table the air is warm right so the gas molecules in the air will come into contact with that vertical drink and they become liquid that's called condensation from gas to lit to solid directly that's called desposition for instance from water vapor in the atmosphere to ice snow coming down the sky right that's the transition from gas directly to solid so this three types of transition loses heat so when say loses heat that means these transitions release heat into the environment okay this is very short lesson so there's not too much content do have few practice problems so number one which of the following phase changes require the gain of heat that means the transition requires heat or energy i'm using the wording from the ati study menu don't really agree with the wording think the wording is little bit confusing but we kind of have to stick to what they do right follow their directions follow their warnings so basically when it says require the gain of heat that means the transition requires input of heat so heat is required when you change from more orderly to less orderly right less orderly now we answer questions if it's kind of hard to think about this in your brain you can list the different states from more orderly to less wordly right so that means solid to liquid to gas which one of the options goes from left to right boiling boiling that's from liquid to gas right so that might be correct so that's and freezing that's from liquid to solid right that's the opposite direction so that's not right is not right that position that's from gas to solid also the wrong direction so is not correct condensation from gas to liquid so that's not correct either so the only correct option is boiling the second question can ask you about the different direction right which of the following phase changes require the loss of heat that means the transition releases heat into the environment right so the molecules the substance loses heat so transition that releases heat would be from less orderly to more orderly right so that will be you know from gas to liquid to solid right so anything that goes from left to right will be the correct answer let's see sublimation sublimation is from solid to gas right so solid to gas is the wrong direction so is not correct melting melting is from solid to liquid now that's not the correct direction either boiling boiling is from liquid to gas that's not the correct answer freezing raising that from liquid to solid right okay so that one is from less quarterly to more orderly so is the correct answer number three which of the following is true of gas remember gas is the least orderly pattern right the molecules are really really spread out in space so guess does not have definite shape or definite volume so the correct answer is no definite shape no definite volume alright well done with this lesson good job guys